What are the symptoms of glaucoma?

Written by Hu Shu Fang
Ophthalmology
Updated on September 20, 2024
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Glaucoma refers to a group of eye diseases characterized by increased eye pressure, leading to optic nerve atrophy and vision loss. The symptoms of glaucoma are mainly caused by increased eye pressure, resulting in eye pain. In cases of acute angle-closure glaucoma, symptoms include eye pain along with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and tearing, which can easily be mistaken for neurological diseases. Chronic glaucoma symptoms, such as headache, nausea, and vomiting, are less pronounced, and eye discomfort is also more concealed during attacks, making early detection difficult. Therefore, it is important for glaucoma patients to undergo early examination and diagnosis, and to receive appropriate treatment in order to protect the optic nerve and prevent severe vision loss.

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Written by Hu Shu Fang
Ophthalmology
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Can glaucoma be contagious?

Glaucoma is not contagious. It is not an infectious disease; rather, it is a group of diseases characterized by increased eye pressure, leading to optic nerve atrophy and vision decline. The most common cause is genetic factors, meaning if elders or parents in the family have this condition, the incidence of glaucoma in their offspring will also be higher. It is an eye disease caused by anatomical abnormalities of the eye. Additionally, some cases of glaucoma are caused by trauma or other reasons, so glaucoma is not contagious.

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Written by Peng Xi Feng
Ophthalmology
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The difference between open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a type of glaucoma caused by the peripheral iris blocking the trabecular meshwork, or permanently adhering to the trabecular meshwork, obstructing the outflow of aqueous humor, leading to increased intraocular pressure. It is characterized by a narrow angle and the anatomical feature of the peripheral iris being prone to contact with the trabecular meshwork. Gonioscopy confirming angle closure is an important diagnostic criterion. The characteristic of open-angle glaucoma, however, is that even though intraocular pressure is elevated, the angle remains open, with the obstruction of aqueous outflow occurring at the trabecular meshwork system.

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Written by Gan Jun
Endocrinology
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What should I do if diabetic complications cause blindness from glaucoma?

For neovascular glaucoma caused by diabetes, anti-neovascular drugs can be injected into the vitreous cavity to cause the regression of new blood vessels, thereby achieving the goal of reducing intraocular pressure. If not treated promptly, it can cause permanent closure or adhesion of the angle, and surgery is required for treatment. If the lens swells causing secondary glaucoma, it will lead to the closure of the angle. Surgery is needed to remove the cloudy, swollen lens to achieve a reduction in intraocular pressure. Diabetes is prone to various complications, and it is crucial to pay attention to diet and exercise in the presence of diabetes; meanwhile, it is essential to control medication to maintain blood sugar within the ideal fluctuation range.

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Written by Zheng Xin
Ophthalmology
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Glaucoma Precautions

Once glaucoma is confirmed, active treatment is necessary, such as medication or surgery. In daily life, the following points should be noted: First, do not stay in dark environments for a long time. Second, avoid excessive use of eyes and ensure to rest. Third, try to avoid drinking strong tea or coffee and do not drink a large amount of water at once. Fourth, avoid using drugs that can trigger glaucoma attacks, such as antispasmodics and antidepressants.

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Written by Li Zhen Dong
Ophthalmology
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How to deal with vomiting in glaucoma?

Nausea and vomiting caused by glaucoma should be actively treated with pressure reduction. Antihypertensive eye drops include Timolol eye drops, Brinzolamide eye drops, and Pilocarpine eye drops. If the effect is not satisfactory, oral administration can also be considered. Common oral medications include Acetazolamide, and systemic use of Mannitol. If necessary, anterior chamber paracentesis can be performed. This series of active treatments can completely control intraocular pressure and relieve symptoms. Eye symptoms mainly include redness, swelling, pain, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, vision decline, headache, nausea, and vomiting. (Please follow the doctor's orders when using medication.)