What are the symptoms of a glaucoma attack?

Written by Peng Xi Feng
Ophthalmology
Updated on September 05, 2024
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Typical acute angle-closure glaucoma has several different clinical stages, divided into the preclinical stage, prodromal stage, acute attack stage, intermittent stage, chronic stage, and absolute stage. The acute attack stage is mainly characterized by severe headache, eye pain, photophobia, tearing, and significant deterioration of vision, often reduced to counting fingers or hand motion, and may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Physical signs include eyelid edema, mixed congestion, corneal epithelial edema, and the appearance of small droplets under the slit lamp. Patients may complain of rainbow vision, which primarily occurs due to the large number of small vesicles in the swollen corneal epithelium and the spaces between epithelial cells.

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Written by Li Zhen Dong
Ophthalmology
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How to rule out glaucoma with high eye pressure?

Normal intraocular pressure ranges from 10-21mmHg. If it exceeds 21mmHg, it is considered to be increased intraocular pressure. Main symptoms of high intraocular pressure include eye distension, eye pain, tearing, photophobia, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, headache, etc. High intraocular pressure is a primary diagnostic criterion for glaucoma, but it is not the only standard. Glaucoma can be divided into primary glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and mixed glaucoma. Primary glaucoma can further be subdivided into open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Only during an acute attack of angle-closure glaucoma does the intraocular pressure increase, whereas open-angle glaucoma generally does not affect intraocular pressure. Therefore, the diagnosis of glaucoma mainly relies on a comprehensive assessment of the angle of the anterior chamber, intraocular pressure, visual field, visual acuity, and the condition of the optic disc.

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Written by Zheng Xin
Ophthalmology
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Must glaucoma undergo surgery?

Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by pathological increase in intraocular pressure that causes damage to the optic nerve and visual field defects. The treatment for glaucoma can include conservative management and surgical interventions. The primary goal of treatment is to control intraocular pressure and delay the progression of optic nerve damage. Generally, intraocular pressure can be controlled with medication; if medication fails to control the pressure, surgery may be necessary to manage it.

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Written by Zheng Xin
Ophthalmology
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Is high intraocular pressure always glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by typical optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects, with high intraocular pressure and visual field loss as features. Clinically, some patients have long-term high intraocular pressure but do not exhibit optic nerve and visual field damage. This condition is not called glaucoma, but is referred to as ocular hypertension. Meanwhile, some patients may have normal eye pressure but still exhibit typical glaucoma optic nerve damage and visual field defects; this condition is called normal-tension glaucoma. Therefore, high intraocular pressure does not necessarily indicate glaucoma, and normal intraocular pressure can also potentially be glaucoma.

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Written by Peng Xi Feng
Ophthalmology
54sec home-news-image

What are the symptoms of a glaucoma attack?

Typical acute angle-closure glaucoma has several different clinical stages, divided into the preclinical stage, prodromal stage, acute attack stage, intermittent stage, chronic stage, and absolute stage. The acute attack stage is mainly characterized by severe headache, eye pain, photophobia, tearing, and significant deterioration of vision, often reduced to counting fingers or hand motion, and may be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Physical signs include eyelid edema, mixed congestion, corneal epithelial edema, and the appearance of small droplets under the slit lamp. Patients may complain of rainbow vision, which primarily occurs due to the large number of small vesicles in the swollen corneal epithelium and the spaces between epithelial cells.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Li Zhen Dong
Ophthalmology
49sec home-news-image

How to deal with vomiting in glaucoma?

Nausea and vomiting caused by glaucoma should be actively treated with pressure reduction. Antihypertensive eye drops include Timolol eye drops, Brinzolamide eye drops, and Pilocarpine eye drops. If the effect is not satisfactory, oral administration can also be considered. Common oral medications include Acetazolamide, and systemic use of Mannitol. If necessary, anterior chamber paracentesis can be performed. This series of active treatments can completely control intraocular pressure and relieve symptoms. Eye symptoms mainly include redness, swelling, pain, foreign body sensation, burning sensation, vision decline, headache, nausea, and vomiting. (Please follow the doctor's orders when using medication.)