Is asthma considered respiratory failure?

Written by An Yong Peng
Pulmonology
Updated on March 01, 2025
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Asthma and respiratory failure are two distinct concepts. Asthma is a disease, whereas respiratory failure is a clinical outcome resulting from a series of diseases. During an acute asthma attack, there is also a possibility of respiratory failure occurring, and in severe cases, it can lead to serious respiratory failure requiring interventions like tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Therefore, acute asthma attacks require active intervention. Treatments often include nebulized inhalation of short-acting bronchodilators and even intravenous administration of corticosteroids to handle the acute episode. Short-term intravenous use of corticosteroids can also help in controlling the acute attack.

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Written by Peng Miao Yun
Internal Medicine
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Respiratory failure classified by etiology

Respiratory failure can be classified according to its causes into four types. The first type involves diseases of the airway such as bronchial inflammation, bronchiectasis, and foreign body obstruction, leading to insufficient ventilation. The second type is due to lung tissue diseases, such as pneumonia, severe tuberculosis, emphysema, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, etc., causing a state of hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention due to ventilatory defects. The third type includes pulmonary vascular diseases, such as pulmonary vascular embolism and pulmonary infarction, which cause part of the venous blood to flow into the pulmonary veins, resulting in hypoxia. The fourth type involves diseases of the thoracic cage such as chest trauma, surgical trauma, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion, which affect daily activities and lung expansion, leading to insufficient lung ventilation and resulting in respiratory failure.

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Written by Peng Miao Yun
Internal Medicine
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Can respiratory failure be cured?

Respiratory failure is a critical condition in clinical settings, characterized by high mortality rates and the potential to impair multiple organ functions, thus endangering the lives of patients. However, in cases of chronic respiratory failure, it is generally incurable, as the respiratory function of these patients has already declined significantly. For patients with acute respiratory failure, the possibility of recovery is closely tied to the ability to diagnose early and administer effective treatment promptly. If acute respiratory failure is treated effectively early on by removing the trigger and the cause, and if the respiratory function can significantly improve within a short time, then there is still a chance for a cure.

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Written by Li Fang Xiao
Internal Medicine
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Can respiratory failure be cured?

Whether respiratory failure can be cured depends on the causes of the respiratory failure and the severity of the condition. Respiratory failure can potentially be cured. For example, acute left heart failure can lead to pulmonary congestion and subsequent respiratory failure. This condition primarily manifests as a decrease in oxygen tension, and by conducting a blood gas analysis, if the oxygen tension is found to be less than 60 mmHg, it can be diagnosed as respiratory failure. However, with symptomatic treatments such as vasodilation and diuretics, once the left heart failure is alleviated, the respiratory failure will also improve. On the other hand, for diseases intrinsic to the lungs, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or severe pulmonary infections, these chronic conditions cannot be completely cured. The symptoms of respiratory failure can only be managed with medication or ventilators.

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Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
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What are the symptoms of respiratory failure?

Respiratory failure is a common critical illness in clinical settings, characterized by serious impairments in the lung's ventilation and gas exchange functions. What are the symptoms after respiratory failure? First and foremost, the earliest and most obvious symptom is difficulty breathing. Many patients experience significant difficulty breathing; severe cases may even involve orthopnea, profuse sweating, and inability to speak. Another important symptom is cyanosis, which is a typical manifestation of hypoxia. Additionally, there can be neuropsychiatric symptoms such as mental confusion, agitation, convulsions, and even coma. Other systems may also exhibit symptoms, such as tachycardia, arrhythmias, and decreased gastrointestinal function.

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Written by Han Shun Li
Pulmonology
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Classification of Causes of Respiratory Failure

Respiratory failure, if categorized by its cause, can be divided into pump failure and lung failure. Pump failure refers to the failure of the respiratory pump, which comprises the central nervous system that drives or regulates respiratory movement, the peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular tissues, and the thoracic cage, collectively known as the respiratory pump. Respiratory failure caused by dysfunction of these components is called pump failure. Another type is lung failure, which results from airway obstruction, pulmonary tissue and vascular pathology, and is termed lung failure. Lung failure can lead to type I or type II respiratory failure, whereas pump failure typically presents as type II respiratory failure.