Can pituitary tumors cause headaches?

Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
Updated on September 05, 2024
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For patients with pituitary tumors, headaches may occur. Most patients in the early stages often experience mild headaches located behind the eye sockets, the forehead, and on both sides of the temporal area. These headaches are generally tolerable and occur intermittently. They are mostly caused by the stimulation of the tumor or the increased pressure inside the sella. When the tumor enlarges to a certain extent and breaks upward through the diaphragm sellae, headaches are often alleviated. However, if the tumor further grows into surrounding tissues, it might compress important blood vessels and nerves, resulting in recurring pain with increasing severity.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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How is a pituitary tumor caused?

At present, there is no definitive conclusion on how pituitary tumors are formed and further developed. Clinically, it is mostly believed to be the result of a combination of congenital genetic factors and adverse environmental factors acquired later in life. For patients with pituitary tumors, they are often seen in some special familial genetic diseases. In the family medical history, a tendency for a higher accumulation of family members can be observed. Additionally, some pituitary tumor patients are also found in clear familial genetic endocrine diseases. Moreover, patients who are overworked, fatigued, under stress, and experience endocrine hormone disorders are also affected. Exposure to radioactive contamination and chemical carcinogens can also potentially lead to pituitary tumors.

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Is pituitary tumor surgery done under general anesthesia?

For patients with pituitary tumors, general anesthesia is typically recommended for surgery. Clinically, a combined inhalational and intravenous anesthesia approach is adopted for treatment. Before surgery, anesthesia induction is carried out to stabilize the patient, who then undergoes tracheal intubation for general combined anesthesia. As the surgery nears completion, appropriate medication may be used to help shorten the anesthesia process. After the surgery is fully completed, the patient is transferred to the recovery room. Once the anesthetic drugs are gradually metabolized and consciousness returns to clarity, the tracheal tube is effectively removed.

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How long does it take to recover after pituitary tumor surgery?

For patients with pituitary tumors, about six months to a year after undergoing surgery, as the endocrine hormones in the body gradually return to normal, the patient's original symptoms or signs gradually diminish or even disappear, and the quality of the body also gradually recovers. At this time, patients often recover well. For such patients, it is necessary to visit the local hospital regularly after surgery for follow-up appointments, to have a cranial MRI to help assess the effects of the pituitary tumor surgery recovery, and to have blood drawn to test the endocrine hormones in the body to see if they have returned to normal levels. If there are still abnormalities, it is advisable to take medication to regulate them.

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How long does pituitary tumor surgery take?

Generally, for patients with pituitary tumors, it is usually recommended to choose endonasal transsphenoidal minimally invasive surgery to completely remove the pituitary tumor. If no unexpected circumstances occur during the surgery, the process typically takes about two hours, though this can vary depending on the size of the tumor and how smoothly the surgery proceeds. Patients are given general anesthesia before the surgery, which involves inducing anesthesia and ensuring it is administered successfully. After the surgery, patients are moved to a recovery room to recuperate for a period of time. Once the patient gradually regains consciousness, the tracheal tube is removed, and they are returned to their hospital room. Therefore, the total time involved is approximately three to four hours.

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How long should one rest after pituitary tumor surgery?

For patients who have undergone pituitary tumor surgery, it is recommended that they rest for at least about six months. During this initial post-operative period, patients should be placed in an intensive care unit to monitor vital signs, with a focus on consciousness, pupils, awareness, and limb activity, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood oxygen saturation. Once the patient's condition stabilizes, they can be transferred to a regular ward for continued treatment. Patients should not engage in early ambulation to prevent complications such as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. During the recovery period, rest should be prioritized, and strenuous physical activity should be avoided. At the same time, appropriate nutritional support should be strengthened. Generally, with about six months of rest, the body will gradually recover.