Symptoms of esophageal cancer spread

Written by Luo Peng
Thoracic Surgery
Updated on September 01, 2024
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The most typical symptom of esophageal cancer, especially in its advanced stages, is difficulty swallowing. As esophageal cancer progresses, patients may further experience difficulty swallowing semi-liquid food, eventually leading to difficulty swallowing even water and saliva. Additionally, as the cancer develops, it might compress the trachea, resulting in symptoms like sticky sputum and difficulty in expectorating. Consequently, due to difficulties in eating, progressive severe weight loss and fatigue often occur. Furthermore, some patients may also experience chest or back pain, and in some cases, an esophageal-tracheal fistula might occur, leading to severe respiratory difficulties and intense choking. Moreover, after advanced esophageal cancer has spread, it may also cause jaundice, ascites, and can metastasize to other parts of the body, potentially resulting in various symptoms.

Other Voices

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How long can one live with esophageal cancer?

The life expectancy of esophageal cancer patients depends on several factors such as the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis, the patient's sensitivity to treatments like radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the effectiveness of these treatments, the patient's general condition, and whether they have other underlying diseases. Patients who can undergo radical surgery, especially those diagnosed at an early stage, generally have a better prognosis. Patients who respond well to treatment can also expect a better outcome. Therefore, there is significant individual variation in prognosis.

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What are the symptoms of esophageal cancer recurrence?

The symptoms of recurrent esophageal cancer are similar to those at its initial onset, primarily characterized by difficulties in swallowing and eating obstructions. Some may also experience nausea, vomiting, and reflux symptoms of the digestive tract. Of course, when recurrence occurs, if there are metastases to other distant organs, then clinical manifestations corresponding to those metastatic locations will appear. For example, if esophageal cancer metastasizes to the lungs, it could lead to coughing, expectoration, shortness of breath, or chest pain, and even clinical symptoms related to coughing up blood. If there is liver metastasis from esophageal cancer, symptoms might include abdominal pain, fatigue, poor appetite, and even ascites among other clinical manifestations related to liver metastasis.

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What are the precancerous lesions of esophageal cancer?

The most common precancerous lesion of esophageal cancer is Barret's esophagus, which is formed by the chronic stimulation of the esophageal epithelium by chronic reflux esophagitis. Of course, this includes some chronic esophageal ulcers and long-term leukoplakia of the esophagus. These recurrent esophageal ulcers could potentially transform into atypical hyperplasia and then further into carcinoma in situ. However, the progression from precancerous lesions to actual cancer can take a very long time, possibly many years or even over a decade. Therefore, having a precancerous lesion does not necessarily lead to esophageal cancer.

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The difference between esophagitis and esophageal cancer.

Esophagitis and esophageal cancer have essential differences. Esophagitis is merely an inflammatory disease, which is relatively common in clinical settings and often related to excessive stomach acid, acid reflux, or other physical and chemical irritants. Esophageal cancer, on the other hand, is a malignant tumor. The mechanisms of their development, as well as the differences in prognosis and treatment plans, are very significant.

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Esophageal cancer T3 belongs to which stage?

For the staging of esophageal cancer, it not only depends on the T stage, but also on the N and M stages. If we are just considering the T stage, it is T3. If there are no N0 and M0 stages, it is relatively early and surgery can be considered. However, if looking only at T3 and the N stage involves lymph node involvement (N1, N2, or N3), with regional or distant lymph node metastasis, then the staging of the esophageal cancer is relatively late. Furthermore, if there is an M stage, which indicates the presence of distant organ metastasis, then it is classified as advanced stage. Therefore, the T stage alone for esophageal cancer does not determine whether it is early, intermediate, or late stage. It is necessary to look in conjunction with the N and M stages to determine the overall staging.