Is meningitis scary?

Written by Bian Jun Li

Neurology

Updated on September 18, 2024

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Meningitis is a relatively common infectious disease of the central nervous system in clinical practice. The common types of meningitis seen clinically include viral meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, and purulent meningitis. The main clinical symptoms of meningitis include headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, and signs of meningeal irritation; some may present with focal neurological deficits in symptoms and signs. If meningitis is not treated promptly or the treatment is ineffective, it often leads to significant sequelae, and can even endanger the patient's life. Therefore, meningitis is considered a serious disease of the central nervous system. If diagnosed with meningitis, timely treatment is essential, underscoring the seriousness of the disease.

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Neurology

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sequelae of meningitis

Firstly, it may cause meningitis adhesions leading to hydrocephalus. Once hydrocephalus occurs, it may leave cognitive impairments as sequela, such as slow response, memory decline, and reduced executive functions. Secondly, tuberculous meningitis might also damage cranial nerves, resulting in symptoms such as diplopia, difficulty swallowing with choking on water, and dysarthria. If it affects the facial nerve, peripheral facial paralysis and other sequelae might occur. Thirdly, it could also lead to arteritis. The occurrence of arteritis can cause arterial occlusion, leading to the formation of cerebral infarction.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 22sec

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Differentiation between purulent meningitis and viral meningitis

Purulent meningitis and viral meningitis are different diseases. Purulent meningitis is caused by bacterial infection of the meninges. Viral meningitis is caused by viral invasion of the meninges. Generally, purulent meningitis is more severe, and patients may exhibit symptoms of systemic toxin poisoning, such as high fever, nausea, vomiting, sickly appearance, and general weakness. The symptoms of viral meningitis are relatively mild, and the fever is not particularly severe. Another important differentiation is based on the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. In viral meningitis, the lumbar puncture shows that the white blood cell count is below 1000*10^6/L, and the levels of sugar and chloride are generally normal or slightly low, with protein usually mildly elevated. In purulent meningitis, the cerebrospinal fluid shows a significant increase in white blood cell count, even reaching from 1000*10^6/L to 10000*10^6/L; the protein content is significantly increased, the sugar content is markedly decreased, and chloride levels are reduced. Additionally, bacteria can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures in purulent meningitis, whereas viral meningitis cerebrospinal fluid cultures do not show bacteria.

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Written by Li Jian Wu

Pulmonology

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How is meningitis transmitted?

Meningitis, a disease primarily transmitted through close contact, airborne droplets, and poor dietary habits, is mainly caused by bacterial infections leading to purulent meningitis in clinical settings. Some cases are due to tuberculosis bacillus causing tuberculous meningitis. Additionally, there are viral forms of meningitis, most commonly from enteroviruses or Echo viruses. A minority of patients may also develop cryptococcal meningitis. Treatment should involve the use of appropriate antimicrobial drugs based on clinical symptoms and the infecting pathogen, coupled with measures to decrease intracranial pressure and relieve brain edema, ensuring early detection and treatment to prevent complications.

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Written by Han Shun Li

Pulmonology

42sec

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Is meningitis serious?

Meningitis is a common infectious disease of the central nervous system. Patients with meningitis often experience symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness. As the disease progresses, they may also experience seizures, motor disorders, disturbed consciousness, coma, and other conditions, with severe cases posing a risk to life. Many patients can still have sequelae after recovery, such as speech impairments, hemiplegia, and decreased intelligence. Therefore, meningitis is a very serious disease, and patients should actively cooperate with doctors for treatment after becoming ill.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

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Early symptoms of meningitis

Meningitis is primarily a clinical display caused by various factors leading to inflammatory lesions and inflammatory exudation in the meninges. It can be triggered by viral infections, as well as bacterial, tuberculous, or fungal infections. Different pathogens can lead to different symptoms. The initial symptoms of meningitis mainly include the following aspects: First, patients generally experience significant fever, which can range from mild to high and persistent, closely related to the specific pathogen involved. Second, patients will have obvious headaches, as the meninges are irritated, and pain is certain. Third, it usually leads to symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as nausea and vomiting. Fourth, patients may also experience discomfort and pain in the neck, and upon examination, positive signs of meningeal irritation can be observed.