How to test for meningitis?

Written by Li Jian Wu

Pulmonology

Updated on September 18, 2024

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The main methods for meningitis examination are lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid testing. Cerebrospinal fluid examination may show increased pressure, turbid appearance, and purulent changes, containing a large number of white blood cells and neutrophils. Routine blood tests may also show a white blood cell count significantly higher than normal, predominantly composed of immature neutrophils. Additionally, it is possible to check electrolytes and use auxiliary diagnostic tools such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI to confirm the diagnosis, facilitating early detection and treatment.

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Written by Han Shun Li

Pulmonology

39sec

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Is meningitis severe?

Meningitis is an infectious inflammation that occurs in the meninges and the brain and spinal meninges, and some may also involve the brain parenchyma. Meningitis is generally a serious disease, and if not treated promptly, it can develop into cerebral edema and severe cases may lead to brain herniation, respiratory and circulatory failure, endangering life. Some patients may even experience a decline in intelligence, paralysis, and other sequelae after recovery, severely affecting the quality of life. Therefore, it is important to actively treat meningitis once contracted.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 1sec

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How to rule out meningitis.

Patients with meningitis usually show clinical symptoms such as fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. To rule out meningitis, the following points should be considered. The first point is to check if the patient has a relevant medical history. If the patient's symptoms are very normal, without fever or headache, the possibility of meningitis is generally not very high. The second point is to pay attention to the physical examination, to see if there is any sign of meningeal irritation. If there is no meningeal irritation, it also does not support the presence of meningitis. The third point involves performing a lumbar puncture to examine the cerebrospinal fluid, checking if the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid is high, and whether the cellular and biochemical properties within the fluid are normal. If completely normal, the likelihood of meningitis is also very small. Additionally, if necessary, an enhanced MRI scan of the brain should be performed, as meningitis usually shows enhancement.

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Written by Li Jian Wu

Pulmonology

40sec

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How to test for meningitis?

The main methods for meningitis examination are lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid testing. Cerebrospinal fluid examination may show increased pressure, turbid appearance, and purulent changes, containing a large number of white blood cells and neutrophils. Routine blood tests may also show a white blood cell count significantly higher than normal, predominantly composed of immature neutrophils. Additionally, it is possible to check electrolytes and use auxiliary diagnostic tools such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI to confirm the diagnosis, facilitating early detection and treatment.

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Written by Li Jian Wu

Pulmonology

50sec

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How is meningitis transmitted?

Meningitis, a disease primarily transmitted through close contact, airborne droplets, and poor dietary habits, is mainly caused by bacterial infections leading to purulent meningitis in clinical settings. Some cases are due to tuberculosis bacillus causing tuberculous meningitis. Additionally, there are viral forms of meningitis, most commonly from enteroviruses or Echo viruses. A minority of patients may also develop cryptococcal meningitis. Treatment should involve the use of appropriate antimicrobial drugs based on clinical symptoms and the infecting pathogen, coupled with measures to decrease intracranial pressure and relieve brain edema, ensuring early detection and treatment to prevent complications.

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Written by Xie Wen

Neurology

1min 8sec

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Is vomiting frequent in meningitis?

Is vomiting frequent in meningitis? There are generally two situations for frequent vomiting in meningitis. The first situation occurs when pathogens infect the meninges or brain tissue, leading to an inflammatory response in the brain tissue, which then causes brain edema and subsequently leads to increased intracranial pressure. When intracranial pressure increases, it can cause vomiting, and this type of vomiting becomes projectile. Therefore, when vomiting is frequent and projectile, accompanied by severe headaches, fever, or even changes in condition, it is necessary to be vigilant about the increase in intracranial pressure leading to the formation of brain herniation, a situation that must be urgently addressed. The second reason is that after the pathogen enters the blood, it invades the gastrointestinal tract. An infection of the gastrointestinal tract itself can also cause frequent vomiting, accompanied by diarrhea, or even gastrointestinal bleeding, etc.