What is cerebral hemorrhage?

Written by Jiang Fang Shuai

Neurosurgery

Updated on September 01, 2024

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The term "cerebral hemorrhage" usually refers to bleeding caused by non-traumatic rupture of brain blood vessels. The causes include hypertension, arteriosclerosis, amyloid angiopathy, and vascular malformations, among others, often occurring during excessive fatigue, emotional excitement, or strenuous defecation. Clinically, it has a high rate of self-harm, and most survivors suffer from varying degrees of brain dysfunction. Additionally, some cases of cerebral hemorrhage are caused by trauma; the treatment principles and prognosis for these patients are similar to those for non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhages.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 9sec

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How to Prevent Cerebral Hemorrhage

To understand how to prevent cerebral hemorrhage, we need to clarify what causes it. Generally, the most common cause of cerebral hemorrhage is hypertension. Long-term hypertension can lead to hyaline degeneration of the walls of small arteries and occlusion necrosis. Over time, small arteries rupture, leading to cerebral hemorrhage. Other blood system diseases, such as leukemia, deficiency of clotting factors, some tumors, and cerebral vascular malformations, can also cause cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, the most important preventive measure is to actively control blood pressure. Regularly, one must maintain a low-salt, low-fat diet, engage in appropriate physical activities, enhance physical fitness, avoid smoking, and abstain from alcohol to effectively prevent hypertension and avoid hypertension-induced cerebral hemorrhage. For cerebral hemorrhage caused by other reasons, regular health check-ups should be done, including complete blood counts and coagulation tests, to rule out blood diseases causing cerebral hemorrhage.

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Written by Liu Yan Hao

Neurology

1min 7sec

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Causes of cerebral hemorrhage

The most common cause of cerebral hemorrhage is hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Patients with hypertension who do not adequately control their blood pressure, which frequently fluctuates, can lead to hardening of the cerebral vessels. The elasticity of the cerebral vessel walls diminishes, and when the blood pressure rises sharply, it can cause the cerebral vessels to rupture, leading to cerebral hemorrhage. This is the most common cause of cerebral hemorrhage, accounting for over 80%. Another common cause of cerebral hemorrhage is the rupture of cerebral aneurysms, which often leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients with this condition experience severe headaches, consciousness disturbances, and restlessness. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a relatively severe medical condition with a high mortality rate. Additionally, some cerebral hemorrhages are caused by trauma, leading to cerebral contusion, skull fractures, subdural hematoma, and epidural hematoma. These causes account for a relatively small proportion of clinical cases.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 5sec

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How to treat cerebral hemorrhage?

Cerebral hemorrhage is a dangerous disease. Once diagnosed with cerebral hemorrhage, the patient's treatment plan mainly requires strict bed rest and maintaining a calm emotional state to avoid emotional excitement and fluctuations in blood pressure. If the patient develops acute ulcers, it is crucial to pay attention to treatments that protect the gastric mucosa. Additionally, if the patient suffers from severe headaches, an appropriate amount of painkiller may be administered. If there is a significant increase in intracranial pressure, dehydration and reduction of intracranial pressure should be considered. Managing blood pressure is also very important in treating cerebral hemorrhage; it is essential to keep the blood pressure stable. If the hemorrhage is caused by abnormalities in clotting functions, intravenous coagulation medications may be administered. Furthermore, if the volume of cerebral hemorrhage is large and threatens the patient's life, with a tendency for brain herniation, neurosurgery may be required to remove the hematoma and save the patient's life.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei

Neurosurgery

41sec

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Causes of cerebral hemorrhage

There are many causes of cerebral hemorrhage. In most cases, given that patients themselves already have certain underlying diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and arteriosclerosis, the blood pressure remains high over a long period. This causes the blood vessels to be in a constant state of tension. Over time, the vessels' ability to regulate and contract gradually weakens. When certain triggers occur, such as the patient experiencing fatigue, mental stress, or emotional excitement, the blood pressure temporarily spikes, exceeding the vessels' regulatory capacity, leading to the rupture of the blood vessels and causing cerebral hemorrhage.

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Written by Chen Ya

Geriatrics

31sec

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Sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage

The most common sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage is hemiplegia, which is specifically characterized by reduced muscle strength in the limbs on one side, difficulty in movement or complete immobility, often accompanied by sensory impairments on the same side, such as reduced sensation to cold, heat, pain, etc., or complete numbness. Sometimes there may also be vision loss on the affected side, as well as aphasia, headache, vertigo, and nausea.