Complications of Cerebral Hemorrhage

Written by Chen Ya
Geriatrics
Updated on September 13, 2024
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The main complications of cerebral hemorrhage are infections or fever, especially aspiration pneumonia, which is quite common. The second complication is hyperglycemia. The third is stress ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. The fourth complication involves cardiac issues, as patients with cerebral hemorrhage are prone to neurogenic cardiac damage. Another complication is epilepsy; patients with lobar hemorrhage are likely to experience recurrent seizures. Additionally, there is also central fever.

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Written by Chen Ya
Geriatrics
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How to recover from cerebral hemorrhage

The recovery from cerebral hemorrhage is divided into the acute phase and the non-acute phase. In the acute phase, if there is a large amount of bleeding and increased intracranial pressure, surgical intervention can be considered. If the bleeding is less but intracranial pressure is still high, general treatment includes managing blood pressure well, maintaining it at 140 systolic pressure, under which conditions things generally tend to be better. Additionally, controlling intracranial pressure and treatment to stop the bleeding are needed. Later stages involve anticoagulant reversal treatments and prevention of complications because infections, high blood sugar, and stress ulcers can further worsen the condition. The later stages primarily focus on rehabilitation training treatments, helping with limb and speech rehabilitation training.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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Is cerebral hemorrhage serious?

Brain hemorrhage is relatively serious. In most cases, the condition of patients with brain hemorrhage progresses quickly and worsens gradually, often leading to high rates of disability or mortality. Additionally, brain hemorrhages can affect the patient's level of consciousness, resulting in states of stupor or coma. On this basis, it is common for several complications to occur, such as significant pulmonary infections, acid-base imbalances, electrolyte disturbances, hypoproteinemia, or deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs. These issues can easily cause patients to experience unilateral or bilateral limb paralysis, abnormal limb sensation accompanied by a decline in cognitive functions, aphasia, and other clinical manifestations.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Early warning signs of cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage is an emergency in neurology, typically presenting acutely with little to no warning signs. Patients usually experience rapid onset of symptoms including headache, nausea, vomiting, and paralysis of limbs. A detailed look at the patient's medical history may reveal some prodromal symptoms such as recent overexertion, emotional excitement, lack of rest, or constipation, which are common triggers. If a patient experiences repeated chronic headaches and general weakness, these could be the mechanical prodromal symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage. A significant fluctuation in blood pressure should also raise concerns about the possibility of a cerebral hemorrhage. Once a cerebral hemorrhage occurs, it is crucial to promptly seek hospital treatment. If the volume of the hemorrhage is substantial, it poses a life-threatening risk to the patient and surgical treatment may be necessary. If the hemorrhage is smaller, conservative treatment may suffice, focusing on bed rest, maintaining emotional stability, and administering neuroprotective medications.

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Written by Zhang Jin Chao
Neurosurgery
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What causes cerebral hemorrhage?

Brain hemorrhage is a common problem that can be caused by many phenomena. The most common causes include hypertension and arteriosclerosis, which can lead to the rupture of blood vessels and consequently brain hemorrhage. Other cerebrovascular abnormalities, such as vascular malformations, cavernous angiomas, or intracranial aneurysms can also lead to brain hemorrhage. Additionally, brain tumors that rupture can cause hemorrhage, as can conditions where there are issues with blood coagulation function and poor clotting times. Some patients may experience brain hemorrhage due to cerebral lipoid degeneration, and trauma can also cause brain hemorrhage.

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Written by Tang Li Li
Neurology
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Does cerebral hemorrhage have a genetic basis?

Cerebral hemorrhage is not hereditary and is not a genetic disease; it is a type of acute cerebrovascular disease. Its occurrence is related to risk factors of cerebrovascular disease, and some risk factors may be related to genetics. Therefore, having a family history of cerebral hemorrhage is considered one of the factors that can increase the incidence rate of cerebral hemorrhage in patients. For example, if a patient's parents have hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia, these risk factors can significantly increase the likelihood that the patient will also develop these conditions as they age. Long-term hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia can lead to arterial wall hardening, sometimes resulting in hyaline degeneration. When blood pressure fluctuates, it can easily form microaneurysms that rupture and bleed, thus causing cerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, although cerebral hemorrhage itself is not hereditary, hereditary-related conditions such as hypertension and diabetes might lead to its occurrence.