Symptoms of duodenal ulcer

Written by Huang Gang
Gastroenterology
Updated on September 09, 2024
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What are the symptoms of duodenal ulcers? Generally, the most obvious symptom of a duodenal ulcer is pain on an empty stomach, which often occurs at midnight or early morning, causing one to wake up from sleep in pain. This is a relatively clear symptom. When this symptom occurs, it is best to go to the hospital for a gastroscope examination as soon as possible. After a clear diagnosis, medication should be taken regularly and according to the treatment course for a cure. Generally, taking medications that inhibit gastric acid secretion and protect the intestinal mucosa, and medications for gastric mucosa, can be quite effective. It is also necessary to test for Helicobacter pylori, and if there is a concurrent infection, antibacterial treatment should be carried out.

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What medicine is taken for duodenal ulcer?

Duodenal bulb ulcer, its main cause should be related to Helicobacter pylori infection. In this case, first check for Helicobacter pylori infection, generally using the carbon-13 or carbon-14 breath test. If there is Helicobacter pylori infection, then formal antibiotic treatment is required. For example, a proton pump inhibitor combined with two antibiotics, secondly, bismuth preparations, constitute the standard quadruple therapy, with a treatment duration of 10 to 14 days. If there is no Helicobacter pylori infection, symptomatic treatment is generally sufficient. For example, suppressing stomach acid, protecting the gastric mucosa, etc. At the same time, attention should be paid to regular dietary habits, quitting smoking and alcohol, and avoiding excessive fatigue, etc. (Specific medication use should be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.)

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How large does a duodenal ulcer have to be to be considered severe?

There is no specific size to determine the severity of a duodenal ulcer. However, ulcers with a diameter greater than 1.5 cm are generally considered large. In such cases, strong acid-suppressing medications are needed for treatment, along with drugs to protect the gastric mucosa. Additionally, it is necessary to test for Helicobacter pylori infection. If the infection is positive, a bismuth-containing quadruple therapy should be used for two weeks to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. The choice of specific medications, as well as their dosages and administration, should be under the guidance of a doctor.

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What is the best treatment for duodenal ulcers?

The main symptoms of duodenal ulcer include upper abdominal bloating, belching, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, poor appetite, and indigestion. A duodenal ulcer can be diagnosed through a gastroscopy, which reveals the presence of an ulcer in the duodenum. The primary cause of duodenal ulcers is infection by Helicobacter pylori, hence a Carbon-14 breath test is recommended to confirm the presence of H. pylori infection. Roughly 90%-100% of patients with duodenal ulcers are infected with H. pylori. Another common cause is the digestion of the stomach itself by stomach acid and pepsin. Treatment primarily involves eradicating H. pylori, suppressing acid, protecting the stomach, enhancing gastric motility, and protecting the gastric mucosa, with the treatment duration being about six weeks.

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Does duodenal ulcer cause bloating?

Duodenal ulcers can lead to bloating because the duodenum is located just below the pylorus. Once an ulcer occurs in the duodenum, it can cause swelling of the pylorus. Consequently, when the pylorus is swollen, it becomes difficult for gases to be expelled from the stomach, leading to a likelihood of bloating in patients. Once a patient develops a duodenal ulcer, it is imperative first to use proton pump inhibitors to suppress gastric acid secretion to alleviate congestion and swelling of the duodenal mucosa. Secondly, medications that protect the stomach lining, such as magnesium aluminum carbonate and sucralfate, should be used for treatment. (Please follow medical advice regarding medication.)

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The difference between duodenitis and duodenal ulcer

The difference between duodenitis and duodenal ulcer is as follows: A diagnosis of duodenitis under endoscopy indicates inflammation in the duodenal bulb or descending part, featuring patchy congestion or spotted, erosive conditions identified during the endoscopic procedure, which lead to the diagnosis of duodenitis. If isolated or multiple ulcerative lesions are found in a certain area, it is diagnosed as a duodenal ulcer. Benign ulcers typically have clear boundaries, with surfaces covered with white moss or blood scabs, and the surrounding area may exhibit redness, concentrated mucosa, among other characteristics. Depending on these different presentations, there are different stages of the disease. Both duodenitis and duodenal ulcers are considered benign lesions.