Diagnosis of Lung Cancer:

The first method can be through chest X-ray and CT scan;

The second is sputum cytology examination;

The third involves using a bronchoscopy;

The fourth is mediastinoscopy, which allows direct observation of the enlargement of lymph nodes on both sides of the mediastinum;

The fifth is to perform PET-CT, which is Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography;

The sixth requires a biopsy; it can be done through a transthoracic needle biopsy, or via a bronchoscopic biopsy;

The seventh is the biopsy of metastatic lesions, such as subclavian lymph nodes, and lymph node metastases in the neck or axillary areas can be examined;

The eighth can involve drawing cancerous pleural effusion; if there is pleural effusion, pleural fluid cytology examination can be performed;

The ninth method is thoracotomy exploration; if lung nodules or lung tumors cannot be definitively diagnosed through various other methods, thoracotomy exploration can be performed.