What are the causes of chronic heart failure?

Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
Updated on September 01, 2024
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Chronic heart failure is also relatively common in clinical settings, mainly referring to patients with existing heart diseases. If a patient with a long history of hypertension experiences lung infection and fatigue, it can trigger an acute episode of chronic heart failure. At this time, the patient may experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing and fatigue. It is crucial to seek prompt medical attention, where common clinical treatments include cardiotonic, diuretic, and vasodilator therapies. For chronic heart failure, treatment should also actively address and remove the underlying causes and treat the primary disease to save the patient's life.

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Written by Liu Ying
Cardiology
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Causes of Heart Failure

Heart failure can be divided into acute heart failure and chronic heart failure. There are many causes of acute heart failure, such as acute coronary syndrome, hypertensive emergency, acute massive pulmonary embolism, right ventricular infarction, severe pulmonary hypertension, and so on. Chronic heart failure can also have many causes, for example, coronary artery disease and hypertension have become the main causes of chronic heart failure, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular heart disease can also cause chronic heart failure. Chronic cor pulmonale and high-altitude heart disease also have a certain incidence rate in China, among others.

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Written by Wang Li Bing
Intensive Care Medicine Department
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Clinical manifestations of chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure primarily includes left heart failure, right heart failure, and total heart failure. Left heart failure can present with varying degrees of respiratory difficulty, such as exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, etc. Secondly, symptoms can include coughing and expectorating, coughing up pink frothy sputum, and patients may experience fatigue, dizziness, and palpitations, among others. Right heart failure mainly manifests as gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal distension, poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc. Total heart failure encompasses the clinical manifestations of both right and left heart failure.

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Written by Zhang Yue Mei
Cardiology
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Chronic heart failure means

Chronic heart failure refers to a condition where the heart is unable to effectively pump blood throughout the body to meet the needs of vital organs, leading to a series of clinical symptoms caused by venous congestion and arterial ischemia. Symptoms include post-activity palpitations, orthopnea, swelling of the lower limbs, and enlarged liver. This condition causes great distress to patients and requires long-term use of effective medications to alleviate chronic heart failure. Patients with chronic heart failure need to ensure adequate rest, avoid overexertion, adhere to a low-salt diet, and limit the intake of spicy and greasy foods to prevent exacerbation of heart failure.

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Written by Liu Ying
Cardiology
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Symptoms of chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure can be divided into left heart failure, right heart failure, and total heart failure. The symptoms of left heart failure primarily manifest as congestion in the pulmonary circulation, that is, a reduction in cardiac output. Patients may experience varying degrees of breathing difficulties, starting with exertional dyspnea, then orthopnea, followed by paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and eventually acute pulmonary edema. Additional symptoms may include coughing, expectoration, hemoptysis, fatigue, tiredness, dizziness, reduced exercise tolerance, and symptoms of insufficient blood supply to organs and tissues, including oliguria and kidney damage. The symptoms of right heart failure can present as gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal distension, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and also exertional dyspnea. When both left and right heart failures occur, it is referred to as total heart failure. In cases of total heart failure, symptoms of both left and right heart failures may be present.

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Written by Li Hai Wen
Cardiology
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How to check for heart failure?

Heart failure is a relatively common cardiac disease in our daily lives, and patients often exhibit symptoms such as shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, and fatigue. So, how should heart failure be diagnosed? Generally, the following are common tests: First, an echocardiogram. An echocardiogram is a very practical and non-invasive test that can determine the presence of heart valve diseases, cardiomyopathy, and other conditions, as well as assess the heart's pumping function; Second, blood tests. For example, blood tests for electrolytes and BNP, or brain natriuretic peptide, can determine the presence of heart failure; Third, chest CT or X-rays. These can identify manifestations of pulmonary congestion caused by heart failure.