Rabies: Hazards and Prevention

Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
Updated on September 11, 2024
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Rabies is a fatal disease, with a 100% mortality rate upon infection. Therefore, rabies is extremely dangerous. In terms of prevention and control of rabies, prevention is the only option. By strengthening prevention, the incidence of rabies can be reduced. For the prevention of rabies, it is necessary to routinely administer rabies vaccinations to animals such as dogs and cats. Individuals who frequently come into contact with dogs, cats, bats, and other animals should receive preventive rabies vaccinations.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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How long can rabies antibodies last?

Antibodies for rabies generally last for a relatively long time. According to the 2016 rabies prevention guidelines, if the rabies vaccine is administered systematically and sufficient levels of rabies antibodies are produced, then three to five years later, the vast majority of people can still detect effective levels of rabies antibodies. Nowadays, the detection of rabies antibodies is also quite convenient, so if one has been vaccinated against rabies before and is exposed again, it is possible to first test for rabies antibodies to determine whether there is a need to vaccinate again.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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Can rabies be cured?

Rabies is an incurable disease, and once symptoms develop, it is almost always 100% fatal. However, it is meaningful to use certain medications to control the patient's agitation and relieve their suffering. For example, sedatives such as Valium and phenobarbital can be used. After the onset of rabies, it is essential to isolate the patient and manage the symptoms according to the specific situation. Since rabies is incurable, prevention is critical. If bitten by animals such as dogs or cats, it is necessary to clean and disinfect the wound immediately and then promptly administer rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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Can rabies be contagious?

Rabies is contagious and is primarily transmitted through bites from infected dogs, cats, or bats. During the onset of the disease, the saliva of rabid dogs contains a high concentration of the rabies virus. Similarly, the saliva of cats in the onset phase also contains a large amount of the rabies virus. If these rabies viruses enter the human body, there is a significant risk of infection. Currently, transmission of rabies from one person to another is extremely rare; it is mainly transmitted to humans through bites from infected animals during their symptomatic phase.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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What are the symptoms of rabies?

The symptoms of rabies can include fever, general discomfort, muscle soreness, fatigue, and headaches, which are typical preclinical symptoms. Subsequently, numbness, pain, and itching at the site of the bite may occur. This is followed by a series of related neurological symptoms, such as hydrophobia and aerophobia, where even the sight or mention of water can trigger involuntary spasms in the throat muscles and difficulty swallowing. There is also extreme sensitivity and fear of bright lights and noises, agitation, eventually leading to coma and death.

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Written by Xiong Hong Hai
Infectious Disease
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Does rabies cause nosebleeds?

Rabies does not necessarily present with nosebleeds. The more typical symptoms of rabies are episodes of panic, along with distinct fears and agitation towards water, light, and wind. In the late stages of rabies, there often occurs paralysis of the respiratory muscles, ultimately leading to death by suffocation. Rabies is a fatal disease; once symptoms develop following infection, it leads to a 100% fatality rate, with no treatment strategies available. Therefore, prevention of rabies is absolutely crucial.