If kidney stones are accompanied by hydronephrosis, it is usually because the stones are relatively large, blocking the renal pelvis, leading to the inability of urine within the kidney to be smoothly expelled from the body, which results in water accumulation. For this situation, it is advised to undergo surgery as soon as possible. By removing the stones through surgery, the hydronephrosis of the kidney can be alleviated. It is mainly necessary to conduct examinations like ultrasound and CT scans to understand the specific size, location, and number of the stones, as well as whether there is an accompanying infection, before choosing an appropriate treatment plan. If there is an infection, it is necessary to control the infection before proceeding with the surgery. Currently, the primary surgical method is percutaneous nephrolithotomy.