Causes of diabetic foot

Written by Li Hui Zhi
Endocrinology
Updated on September 21, 2024
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The main causes of diabetic foot are as follows: The first one is poor blood sugar control in patients. Some patients have long neglected their blood sugar levels, leading to consistently high levels. The second cause is vascular disease in the lower limbs of the patient, including arteriosclerosis, with severe cases leading to occlusion and subsequent ulceration of the feet. The third reason is the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients, which results in abnormal sensations or numbness in the feet. Many patients wearing new shoes or stepping on sharp objects inadvertently can lead to diabetic foot. The fourth cause is infection induced by patients who initially neglect minor foot injuries, or who improperly manage such injuries at home, leading to the development of diabetic foot. Therefore, we advise diabetics to maintain good control of their blood sugar and take timely measures to prevent diabetic foot.

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Causes of Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes refers to the abnormality of blood sugar levels that occurs during pregnancy, at which time it is called gestational diabetes. The reason for the occurrence of gestational diabetes is due to significant changes in the body's endocrine hormones after pregnancy. The body releases many hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, which can increase insulin resistance. Thus, a much greater amount of insulin is needed to maintain normal blood sugar levels. If the pancreatic beta cells are not sufficient to compensate for the increased insulin secretion needed to meet the normal metabolic requirements caused by these resistance factors, then elevated blood sugar and abnormal glucose metabolism occur, ultimately leading to gestational diabetes.

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Is the elderly person's diabetes severe?

Elderly diabetes often begins in a concealed manner, lacking the typical symptoms of excessive drinking, eating, urination, and weight loss. At the same time, it has many complications, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic cardiopathy, making its manifestations more diverse and extensive. In addition, it can be complicated by infections, ketoacidosis, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome, both of which have very high mortality rates. Fourthly, diabetes often coexists with multiple chronic diseases in the elderly, including angina, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and heart failure, thus increasing the risk associated with polypharmacy. Fifthly, hypoglycemia can easily occur and is difficult to diagnose and treat promptly, often leading to severe adverse events such as falls and cardiovascular incidents. Therefore, we should pay more attention to diabetes in elderly individuals, managing it more thoroughly to enable a happier life in their later years.

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Written by Lin Xiang Dong
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How to control diet for diabetes

The diet for diabetes mainly involves setting reasonable blood sugar reduction targets. Before achieving these targets, strict dietary control is necessary. All fruits, nuts, fried foods, and barbecued foods must be avoided. Meals should be regular and quantified without any extra meals or snacks. The amount of rice for lunch and dinner should be controlled, approximately a couple of ounces per meal, while intake of sufficient vegetables is encouraged to satiate hunger. However, vegetables like pumpkin should not be eaten. A certain amount of lean meat can be included, but fatty meats are to be avoided. Additionally, dry foods are recommended for diabetics, while liquid diets, like soups and porridges, should be avoided. For breakfast, if blood sugar control is poor, one should temporarily avoid noodles and rice noodles. Instead, consuming some pure milk and an egg, along with buns or dumplings such as steamed dumplings or wontons, is acceptable.

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Endocrinology
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Gestational diabetes check at how many weeks?

Screening for gestational diabetes is generally recommended between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, using a 75g glucose tolerance test to measure fasting blood glucose, blood glucose one hour after consuming glucose, and blood glucose two hours after consuming glucose. However, for pregnant women with high-risk factors, it is recommended to screen for blood glucose at their first prenatal visit. High-risk factors include women with a history of gestational diabetes, a history of delivering a large baby, obesity or polycystic ovary syndrome, those with a first-degree relative with a history of diabetes, positive fasting blood glucose or urinary glucose in early pregnancy, those who have had multiple unexplained miscarriages, fetal malformation, stillbirth history, and women who have given birth to newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. These women should all be screened for blood glucose at their first prenatal visit.

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Endocrinology
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Causes of diabetic foot

The main causes of diabetic foot are as follows: The first one is poor blood sugar control in patients. Some patients have long neglected their blood sugar levels, leading to consistently high levels. The second cause is vascular disease in the lower limbs of the patient, including arteriosclerosis, with severe cases leading to occlusion and subsequent ulceration of the feet. The third reason is the presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients, which results in abnormal sensations or numbness in the feet. Many patients wearing new shoes or stepping on sharp objects inadvertently can lead to diabetic foot. The fourth cause is infection induced by patients who initially neglect minor foot injuries, or who improperly manage such injuries at home, leading to the development of diabetic foot. Therefore, we advise diabetics to maintain good control of their blood sugar and take timely measures to prevent diabetic foot.