What does a diabetic diet include?

Written by Li Hui Zhi
Endocrinology
Updated on April 25, 2025
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The diet for diabetes primarily includes the following aspects:

First, it is recommended to eat at regular times and in fixed amounts daily.

Second, avoid consuming foods with a high glycemic index, such as porridge, glutinous rice, and rice noodle rolls, as these are not recommended.

Third, the diet should be bland, as many diabetic patients also suffer from high blood pressure, high blood lipids, and high uric acid. Therefore, a bland diet is emphasized.

Fourth, overly sweet fruits such as lychee, longan, banana, and grapes are not suitable for consumption.

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incidence of gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes refers to diabetes that appears or is diagnosed during pregnancy, or any degree of glucose tolerance abnormality, which is classified as an independent type of diabetes. Diabetes combined with pregnancy or gestational diabetes can pose serious risks to the health of both mother and child. Before national screening of blood sugar levels during pregnancy was initiated, the detection rate of gestational diabetes was not very high, only 0.24%. However, with the widespread implementation of blood sugar screening during pregnancy, the current incidence rate of gestational diabetes is approximately 1% to 5%.

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Where does diabetes cause weight loss first?

Diabetes is a disease caused by elevated blood sugar levels, leading to metabolic disorders of proteins and fats within the body. Early-stage diabetes patients sometimes show no symptoms, while others may experience symptoms such as thirst, frequent drinking, frequent urination, increased appetite, and weight loss. This weight loss manifests as a general decrease in body weight; depending on individual constitution, some may lose 5 kilograms in a month, others may lose 10 kilograms, and in severe cases, some may lose up to 20 kilograms. This is a uniform weight decrease across the whole body, not just slimming of the arms or exclusively losing weight in other specific parts of the body, or just the face. Therefore, in addition to weight loss, patients may also suffer from fatigue, hunger, and dizziness. It is crucial to promptly test their blood sugar levels, diagnose diabetes as early as possible, and prevent the occurrence of chronic complications.

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Why is it called Type 2 Diabetes?

Diabetes is afflicting people all around the world, particularly type 2 diabetes, which accounts for over 90% of all cases. The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is quite complex, involving genetic predispositions and environmental factors, as well as factors like insulin resistance and defects in the function of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. Therefore, type 2 diabetes arises under the combined effects of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, where the patient experiences a decrease in insulin sensitivity that worsens over time, leading to compensatory hyperinsulinemia and impaired insulin secretion. As the condition worsens and progresses, the function of the pancreatic beta cells deteriorates further and becomes inadequate, leading to the onset of type 2 diabetes. Thus, defects in the function of the beta cells are crucial to the development of type 2 diabetes.

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The symptoms of gestational diabetes differ from those of non-pregnancy diabetes; non-pregnancy diabetes is mainly characterized by excessive drinking, eating, urination, and weight loss. During pregnancy, excessive drinking and eating may be physiological responses due to increased appetite, and frequent urination may be caused by the enlarged uterus pressing on the bladder during early pregnancy. Weight loss is generally not apparent in gestational diabetes due to the growth of the fetus, the uterus, and the increase in amniotic fluid. For women who had a higher body mass index before pregnancy and a family history of diabetes, it is recommended to start glucose tolerance screening from the time of planning to conceive. For those who gain weight rapidly after becoming pregnant and have a significant increase in amniotic fluid, we typically conduct routine diabetes screening between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. Gestational diabetes has severe impacts on the pregnant woman, the fetus, and the newborn, thus early detection and treatment are advised.

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Diabetic foot ulcer precursors

Diabetic foot, also known as diabetic foot disease, is a very serious complication among endocrine disorders in diabetes, with the most severe consequence being foot ulceration that cannot heal, leading to amputation, and even causing sepsis. Diabetic foot does not occur without reason; there are many warning signs before its occurrence. For example, the affected foot feels cold, it is painful to walk, and there are abnormal sensations. These signs are actually telling you that the blood vessels and nerves in the foot are already affected. Once any abnormal sensation is noticed, it is essential to seek medical attention at a hospital, and it is crucial to provide early and proactive treatment to nourish the nerves and improve circulation in order to prevent diabetic foot.