Uremia is a syndrome caused by the progressive development of various chronic kidney diseases that ultimately leads to bilateral renal failure in patients, unable to timely remove excess water, electrolytes, and various toxins from the body. The causes of uremia are many and complex. Common causes include chronic nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephropathy. Other diseases such as chronic interstitial nephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, uric acid nephropathy, chronic obstructive nephropathy, renal vascular diseases, and hereditary nephritis can also lead to uremia. Once uremia occurs, patients often exhibit symptoms of general discomfort and may need to choose dialysis treatment, which can be either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, depending on individual circumstances.