How to distinguish between viral cold and bacterial cold

Written by Wu Xiao Sheng
Pulmonology
Updated on January 06, 2025
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The majority of colds are caused by viral infections, with only a very small portion caused by bacterial infections, or accompanied by bacterial infections. The distinction between viral and bacterial colds is primarily made from the following two aspects: First, in terms of clinical symptoms, those caused by viral colds are mostly short-lived, usually healing quickly within about a week, while the clinical symptoms caused by bacterial colds tend to persist longer, often exceeding a week. Secondly, in terms of blood work, viral colds mostly show normal results, or a lower white blood cell count; whereas bacterial colds often exhibit an increased white blood cell count, or an increased proportion of neutrophils.

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Itchy throat and coughing, is it a wind-heat cold or a wind-cold cold?

When patients present with symptoms such as itchy throat and cough in a clinical setting, it is generally difficult to distinguish between a wind-heat cold and a wind-cold cold based solely on these symptoms. Distinguishing between wind-heat and wind-cold colds requires combining other clinical symptoms to accurately differentiate. Typically, patients with wind-heat colds are more common during the hot summers. These patients experience varying degrees of nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing, along with fever, chills, sore throat, and often cough up yellow sputum. On the other hand, wind-cold colds tend to occur more often in winter. These patients exhibit varying degrees of itchy throat and cough, nasal congestion, and also experience different degrees of fever, but generally do not have chills. Therefore, it is generally difficult to specifically distinguish the type of cold based on the solitary symptoms of itchy throat and cough in a clinical setting.

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How to treat a cold with nasal congestion and dry cough?

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