What to do about teratoma pain in the lower abdomen?

Written by Yan Qiao
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on November 10, 2024
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Patients with teratomas experiencing lower abdominal pain require immediate attention. Due to the uneven texture of the teratoma itself, it can easily lead to torsion of the ovarian tumor pedicle as a result of changes in the patient's body position. Ovarian tumor pedicle torsion is a gynecological emergency requiring urgent surgical intervention. This is particularly crucial for young women who have not yet given birth, as early surgery can preserve the affected ovary, potentially improving future fertility chances. For older women, emergency surgery to relieve symptoms is also extremely important. Therefore, abdominal pain in patients with teratomas must be taken seriously.

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Written by Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How is an ovarian teratoma caused?

The majority of the causes of ovarian teratomas stem from embryonic development, generally due to congenital factors leading to the formation of ovarian teratomas. A well-developed teratoma forms a complete teratoma, while poor development results in an incomplete teratoma, which typically exhibits a higher degree of malignancy. Most teratomas are benign tumors, with only a very small percentage showing tendencies to become malignant. Therefore, it is crucial for patients with teratomas to seek surgery at a hospital as soon as possible, and post-surgery, the removed tissue should be re-examined pathologically to check for any abnormalities. Hence, patients with ovarian teratomas must actively seek medical treatment at a hospital and, after recovery, prevent recurrence by undergoing regular medical check-ups annually, thus ensuring proactive treatment for those with teratomas.

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Written by Yan Chun
Oncology
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Formation of teratoma

Teratoma is a type of tumor disease originating from germ cells, clinically classified into benign and malignant categories. The specific cause of teratoma formation is currently unclear; it is considered to be due to abnormal mutations occurring during the development of germ cell tumors, thereby forming tumors. The formation of teratomas also involves some inducing factors, such as familial genetic history. Due to specific genetic mutations in the family, the incidence of familial teratomas increases. Additionally, some external infections are also related to the occurrence of teratomas, ultimately leading to their formation.

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Written by Yan Qiao
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How large must an ovarian teratoma be to require surgery?

Ovarian teratomas, if detected by ultrasound, are indicative of surgery regardless of the size of the tumor. However, it is essential to locate the lesion accurately to proceed with the surgery. For teratomas smaller than two centimeters, it can be quite challenging to find the lesion, which might lead to surgical failure. Additionally, this can increase the trauma for the patient and the costs of surgery. Thus, it is generally advised to perform surgery on teratomas that are larger than two centimeters to ensure a more reliable outcome. In cases where patients have other diseases in conjunction with a teratoma, it is also feasible to consider removing the teratoma during surgery for the other conditions, always attempting to thoroughly explore and locate the teratoma regardless of its size.

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Written by Xu Xiao Ming
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How is a teratoma diagnosed?

Teratomas are mostly diagnosed through symptoms, such as abdominal pain or bloating, and are identified with an ultrasound examination. Generally, these two tests are used. Additionally, blood tests may be conducted, but there are no very specific tumor markers that will be revealed. The primary means of diagnosis still rely on ultrasound and gynecological palpation. If a woman of childbearing age experiences unexplained abdominal pain, feels bloated, or notices occasional increases in abdomen size, it is recommended to undergo a gynecological ultrasound examination at a hospital.

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Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How long after minimally invasive teratoma surgery can one take a bath?

After minimally invasive surgery for a teratoma, one can generally take a bath three to seven days later; many people simply find it difficult to accept this. Minimally invasive surgery involves only a few small incisions in the abdominal wall. Such wounds, generally after 48 hours, as long as there is no redness, no secretion discharge, and they remain relatively dry, are not likely to be penetrated by water or a small amount of bacteria during bathing. As long as one takes a shower and avoids sitting baths, there wouldn't be complications concerning the vagina or cervix, etc. It is only necessary to avoid cold water temperatures, exposure to wind, and fatigue.