The difference between teratoma and ovarian cysts

Written by Li Lin

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Updated on May 14, 2025

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Teratomas are commonly found in both ovaries and can be distinguished from ovarian cysts by their appearance. Ovarian cysts contain a fluid similar to water, whereas teratomas typically contain sebaceous fluid and may also include tissues such as hair, bones, or teeth. Under a microscope, ovarian cysts show epithelial-like changes, while teratomas exhibit changes typical of germ cells. Teratomas and ovarian cysts can also be easily differentiated using color ultrasound examinations.

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What should be paid attention to usually with teratoma?

For patients with teratoma, once the teratoma is detected, it is necessary to monitor it regularly. If the tumor is larger than three centimeters, it is best to undergo surgery as soon as possible. If surgery cannot be performed promptly due to particular reasons, then it is essential to have an ultrasound re-examination every three months. Additionally, patients should avoid vigorous exercise, external impacts, and significant changes in body position in daily life. Because teratomas are mixed masses with uneven textures, they are very prone to torsion. Therefore, significant changes in body position or vigorous exercises can easily cause the torsion of the pedicle, which may lead to the need for emergency surgery.

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How long after ovarian teratoma surgery can I go back to work?

Ovarian teratoma surgery generally requires at least one month of rest. Afterward, the timing to return to work should depend on one's personal health status and recovery condition. It also depends on the physical demands of the job, as everyone's situation is different. Ovarian teratoma surgery usually involves minimally invasive procedures, which generally allow for a faster recovery; most people can return to work after about a month. Only a minority of patients undergo open surgery, or some individuals who are in poorer health might need to rest for up to three months post-surgery.

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Written by Xu Xiao Ming

Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Can teratoma be treated with medication?

Teratomas are divided into mature and immature teratomas. Mature teratomas, also known as dermoid cysts, are benign tumors, commonly found in individuals aged 20-40, usually unilaterally. The contents of the cyst typically include substances like sebum, hair, and teeth. Immature teratomas, on the other hand, are malignant tumors, though less common. They have a higher rate of recurrence and metastasis. Surgical treatment is generally recommended for teratomas, while medical treatment is not advised. Less frequently, laparoscopic surgery can be used for certain teratomas. If a teratoma is suspected to be malignant preoperatively, exploratory laparotomy is often performed. Postoperative outcomes are generally better for benign mature teratomas. In cases of malignant teratomas, chemotherapy may be required after surgery.

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Does ovarian teratoma affect the fetus?

Ovarian teratoma is a type of gynecological disease, originating from germ cells, and is a relatively common type of ovarian germ cell tumor. It can be divided into mature teratomas and immature teratomas. As for the impact of ovarian teratomas on the fetus, it depends on the size and type of the teratoma, as well as the parts it involves, especially teratomas of the testes and ovaries that involve male and female reproductive functions. When suffering from an ovarian teratoma, it is advisable to undergo surgery actively, and to plan for pregnancy after the disease is cured, in order to ensure the healthy development of the fetus.

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Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Can teratoma affect menstruation?

The majority of teratomas do not have endocrine functions and will not affect menstrual cycles. If there is a delay in menstruation, the first step is to check for pregnancy. If menstruation is delayed for two weeks, pregnancy should be ruled out, and interventions might be necessary, such as an ultrasound to examine the endometrium or a progesterone withdrawal test. Teratomas do not cause menstrual delays unless a very small number of them have endocrine issues. However, these would not suddenly change the menstrual cycle but would potentially cause long-term endocrine changes from the time the teratoma is discovered.