Is prostate cancer prone to metastasis?

Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
Updated on December 03, 2024
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Prostate cancer most commonly metastasizes to bones, with multiple bone metastases frequently observed clinically. In fact, the majority of prostate cancer patients already have multiple bone metastases by the time they are diagnosed. Therefore, bone is the most common distant organ to which prostate cancer spreads. Other distant organ metastases, such as to the lungs and liver, are less common, unless in very advanced stages of the disease. Additionally, prostate cancer commonly invades locally, spreading to nearby pelvic structures and tissues, such as the bladder and rectum, which is a common form of local invasion and spread.

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What are the symptoms of bone metastasis from prostate cancer?

Bone metastasis is the most common site of metastasis for prostate cancer, with the lumbar vertebrae being the most common site. Eighty percent of bone metastases in prostate cancer are osteoblastic changes. The main symptoms caused by bone metastasis are bone pain, pathological fractures, anemia, and if the spinal cord is compressed, it can cause paralysis of the lower limbs, weakness, incontinence, and other symptoms.

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The difference between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

Prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are sometimes very difficult to distinguish clinically, as both diseases occur in elderly men, can cause lower urinary tract symptoms, and lead to elevated PSA levels. However, prostatic hyperplasia generally has a longer medical history, whereas prostate cancer has a shorter history and progresses more quickly. During a digital rectal exam for prostatic hyperplasia, the gland appears enlarged and the surface is smooth. In contrast, during a prostate exam, the gland may show irregular enlargement, a rough surface, and the tumor feels firm. When these two are difficult to distinguish, considering a prostate biopsy may be advisable.

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Can prostate cancer be cured?

Prostate cancer, whether it can be cured or not, depends on the specific analysis of the patient with prostate cancer. If it is an early-stage patient, meaning there is no metastasis to distant organs, and it is assessed that radical surgery or radical radiotherapy can be performed, then these early-stage prostate cancer patients still have the hope of being cured through these treatment methods. However, for patients with advanced prostate cancer, such as those who are diagnosed with multiple bone metastases at the onset—a very common clinical occurrence, prostate cancer combined with bone metastasis is very common—these advanced-stage prostate cancer patients cannot be cured through treatment. The purpose of treatment is to alleviate the patient's pain and extend the patient's survival, but these advanced-stage patients cannot be cured.

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Can prostate cancer patients eat eggs?

Patients with prostate conditions can eat eggs, as eggs are a high-protein food. Since cancer is a consumptive disease, it is important for patients to maintain a balanced diet, including meat, protein, vegetables, and fruits to ensure nutritional balance. Some cancer patients, particularly those in advanced stages who have poor appetite, may develop hypoalbuminemia due to inadequate nutrition. Such patients can benefit from consuming more eggs or protein supplements like protein powder to increase their protein intake. Patients with prostate cancer can eat eggs.

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Endocrine therapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer

Endocrine therapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer is equivalent to adjuvant endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. Its purpose is to treat residual lesions, positive residual lymph nodes, and microscopic metastatic foci, thereby improving long-term survival rates. Currently, the indications for adjuvant endocrine therapy are based on postoperative pathology-positive results, positive lymph nodes post-surgery, and postoperative pathology confirmation of stage T3 or T4, but with high-risk factors. According to major guidelines, the duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy should be at least eighteen months.