What are the early symptoms of colon cancer?

Written by Yan Chun
Oncology
Updated on June 25, 2025
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Colorectal cancer clinically falls under the category of colon cancer, and many early cases of colon cancer do not have obvious symptoms.

Some patients in the early stages may experience abdominal bloating and discomfort or a sense of dull pain. This pain is generally mild and occurs intermittently, sometimes more frequently at night. Some patients exhibit repeated constipation or repeated diarrhea, a feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation, and the presence of blood in the stool or the passage of mucoid pus and blood in the stool. Other patients may experience mild belching, nausea, vomiting, and other signs of indigestion. The symptoms of early-stage colon cancer are not typical, and many patients only seek medical attention when they experience more severe symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting.

Other Voices

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Written by Jiang Guo Ming
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Is lower right abdominal pain colon cancer?

Pain in the lower right abdomen does not necessarily indicate colon cancer, as there are many possible causes of this pain. Common conditions include acute or chronic appendicitis, gynecological diseases such as pelvic inflammatory disease, torsion of a right ovarian cyst, ectopic pregnancy, and others. Additionally, urological issues like a stone in the lower part of the right ureter can cause severe pain in the lower right abdomen, which are again not indicative of colon cancer. Gastrointestinal diseases like Crohn's disease often lead to pain in the lower right abdomen. Of course, tumors in the ileocecal area or ascending colon can also cause such pain. Hence, while lower right abdominal pain is not necessarily due to colon cancer, in rare cases, it could be.

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Written by Cui Fang Bo
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Is stage II-III colon cancer considered late stage?

Patients with stage II and III colon cancer are not yet considered to be in the classic advanced stages. Current oncology believes that colon cancer is categorized as stage IV and considered advanced when distant metastases occur. Common sites of metastasis for colon cancer include the liver, lungs, and bones. Stage II colon cancer patients do not have metastases to the pericolic lymph nodes, which is relatively early; stage III colon cancer patients have metastases to the pericolic lymph nodes, which is later than stage II, but as long as there are no distant metastases, it does not reach the advanced stage IV.

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How to deal with Stage II colon cancer?

For patients diagnosed pathologically with stage II colon cancer, postoperative adjuvant therapy should be considered as appropriate. Colon cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract in China, originating from the mucosa of the colon, with adenocarcinoma being the most common pathological type. Patients presenting symptoms such as bloody stools or changes in stool shape should be considered for a diagnosis of colon cancer. Those suspected of colon cancer should undergo a colonoscopy as soon as possible. During the colonoscopy, colon mass can be detected, and tissue can be taken from the mass for pathological biopsy. For patients definitively diagnosed with colon cancer, surgery is the preferred treatment. After surgery, patients whose postoperative pathology confirms stage II often require postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, typically lasting up to six months.

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What is the likelihood of metastasis for colon cancer with a certain Ki-67 index?

Currently, the Ki67 index in colon cancer cannot be used as a predictive factor for metastasis. Ki67 reflects the proliferation index of the tumor and is related to the malignancy level of the tumor, but it is not possible to judge the risk of subsequent metastasis based on the Ki67 value. The factors that can be used to assess the risk of postoperative metastasis in colon cancer mainly include the depth of local invasion of the colon cancer, whether there is lymph node metastasis, and the presence of certain specific gene mutations. The deeper the invasion, the higher the risk of metastasis. Patients with lymph node metastasis have a higher risk of distant recurrence and metastasis compared to those without detected lymph node metastasis.

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Can baby's stool with blood be colon cancer?

Blood in the stool of babies is different from that in adults. In infants and young children, due to weaker gastrointestinal digestive functions, inappropriate feeding, changes in diet structure, or abnormal gastrointestinal functions can all lead to the presence of blood in the stool, which is usually not due to colon cancer. Therefore, if a child has persistent blood in their stool accompanied by either no weight gain or weight loss, or other abnormal symptoms, and if there is a suspicion of cancer-related factors, parents should promptly take the child to a hospital for a thorough examination. In most cases, blood in a baby's stool is commonly due to poor digestion of the gastrointestinal tract or from gastroenteritis caused by viruses or bacteria due to an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, or it could be due to severe constipation in the baby, where factors like anal fissures might also lead to blood in the stool.