Is throat cancer prone to recurrence?

Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
Updated on November 14, 2024
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Throat cancer indeed may recur, but the specific chances and extent of recurrence vary greatly among individuals. Generally speaking, the probability of recurrence is much lower in early-stage throat cancer compared to mid and late stages. For early-stage throat cancer, surgery or radiotherapy is primarily recommended. The first two years are very critical; if there is no recurrence within two years, the likelihood of recurrence is relatively smaller. Then, the next milestone is five years; the five-year survival rate is very significant. If there is no recurrence within five years, it can generally meet the criteria for clinical cure. However, even after five years, a small portion of patients might still experience recurrence, hence the necessity to persist with long-term follow-up examinations.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
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Can minimally invasive surgery be performed for laryngeal cancer?

Minimally invasive surgery for laryngeal cancer is an option only for a subset of patients, specifically those in the very early stages of the disease. Generally, this applies to cancers at stage T1 or those confined within the vocal cords. Procedures such as laser surgery or plasma surgery can be performed under the support of a laryngoscope. However, for cancers that are more extensive or at a later stage, minimally invasive surgery is not recommended due to the potential risks of incomplete tumor removal, tumor residue, and possibly affecting the effectiveness of subsequent treatments. Therefore, the selection for minimally invasive surgery must be under the assessment of an experienced surgeon, and regular follow-ups are necessary post-surgery to monitor for any residue or recurrence of the lesion.

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Written by Yan Chun
Oncology
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Stage II throat cancer is the situation.

The so-called Stage II laryngeal cancer refers to the degree of differentiation of cancer cells, classified as moderately malignant. This type of differentiated cancer cells has a tumor growth rate that is between Stage I and Stage III, and shows certain characteristics of invasion and metastasis. Stage II laryngeal cancer generally tends to metastasize via the lymphatic pathways, and some patients may also experience hematogenous pathway metastasis. Clinically, patients with Stage II laryngeal cancer may present with symptoms localized to the larynx as well as symptoms of metastatic sites. Patients may experience symptoms such as hoarseness, cough, expectoration, and a foreign body sensation in the throat. When metastasis occurs, respiratory symptoms like coughing and coughing up blood can appear.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue
Medical Oncology
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Does throat cancer cause fever?

Patients with throat cancer may develop a fever because the tumor can secrete pyrogens. If pyrogens are released into the bloodstream, they can cause a fever. Another scenario is that throat cancer is accompanied by bacterial or fungal infections, which can also lead to a fever. If the fever is caused by the tumor, using antibiotics alone will not be effective. It is recommended that the patient undergoes active anti-tumor treatment. By effectively controlling the tumor, the body temperature will generally return to normal. If the fever is due to a concurrent infection, anti-inflammatory treatment is advised to effectively control the infection, and the body temperature will gradually return to normal. Therefore, if a patient experiences a fever, it is important to first determine the cause of the fever and then proceed with targeted treatment. Generally, the body temperature will slowly return to normal after treatment.

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Written by Zhang Jun
Otolaryngology
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Do the early symptoms of laryngeal cancer include coughing?

Throat cancer refers to malignant tumors that occur in the pharyngeal region. Clinically, it commonly manifests as vocal cord cancer, pyriform sinus cancer, and hypopharyngeal cancer. The causes are linked to long-term smoking, alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal dysfunction, acid reflux, irritations, and improper or excessive use of the voice leading to cellular mutations. In its early stages, patients generally experience persistent worsening hoarseness. Sometimes, patients may also suffer from irritative coughing, a foreign body sensation in the throat, obstruction feeling, and breathing difficulties. Patients need to undergo a detailed examination with an electronic laryngoscope at a hospital, which can reveal cauliflower-like neoplasms in any part of the pharynx. At this point, a local biopsy is necessary. If the biopsy confirms a malignant tumor in the pharyngeal region, local surgical removal is required, followed by relevant radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

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Written by Li Mao Cai
Otolaryngology
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Early symptoms of throat cancer

The early symptoms of laryngeal cancer vary depending on the type, as laryngeal cancer is categorized into three types. The most common type, accounting for over 80%, is glottic cancer. The early symptom for this type is primarily hoarseness, making it the type of laryngeal cancer where symptoms appear earliest. The other two types are supraglottic and subglottic cancer. These types are less likely to show early symptoms, or the symptoms may not be typical and easily noticeable or taken seriously. The main symptom is a foreign body sensation in the throat, which is often mistaken for pharyngitis or laryngitis and not given due attention. Therefore, when experiencing persistent hoarseness or a noticeable foreign body sensation in the throat, and if throat discomfort persists, it is advised to visit the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) department of a hospital promptly for an examination with an electronic laryngoscope. This can help in the early detection, exclusion, and diagnosis of the condition.