Osteosarcoma, also known as osteogenic sarcoma, is a primary malignant tumor of the bone. It ranks second in incidence among primary bone tumors, following plasma cell myeloma. The traditional classification of osteosarcoma generally divides it into osteosarcoma and parosteal osteosarcoma. However, recent studies have shown significant changes in the subdivision of osteosarcoma, mainly due to differences in clinical radiology and histology, and currently, there is no universally accepted method. Some classification systems categorize osteosarcoma based on the precise location of the tumor in the bone, the degree of differentiation of the tumor, the components within the tumor, the number of lesions, and the condition of the bone itself. Common classifications include general osteosarcoma, capillary hemangioma-like osteosarcoma, small cell osteosarcoma, and traditional parosteal osteosarcoma.