Is genital herpes serology accurate?

Written by Luo Hong
Dermatology Department
Updated on September 03, 2024
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Serological testing for genital herpes in hospitals generally provides testing for type 1 and type 2 viruses, including IgM and IgG. Over 90% of genital herpes cases are primarily caused by type 2 virus, so the focus is typically on type 2 virus IgG and IgM. However, IgM represents an active infection, meaning a current infection stage. If IgM is negative and IgG is positive, it indicates a past infection. These results are generally accurate, but their timeliness is not as high as DNA's timeliness. Therefore, if possible, it is best to collect vesicle fluid on the first or second day of a herpes outbreak and use PCR to test the DNA for the most accurate results.

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There are several reasons for blisters on the male genitalia.

The most common cause of blisters on the male genitalia is genital herpes, which is a sexually transmitted disease. Generally, these symptoms appear following unprotected sexual contact. The blisters usually form on the surface of the glans and the foreskin, are small in size, and grow in clusters. After bursting, they form superficial ulcers, with local itching and pain. Another possible cause to consider is inflammation of the foreskin and glans, which can also lead to blister formation following bacterial or viral infection. Additionally, wearing underwear that is too tight, causing friction, could also lead to blister formation on the genitals. If blisters occur, it is important to take it seriously and seek timely examination and treatment at a urology or dermatology and venereology department of a hospital.

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How to completely cure genital herpes virus?

Genital herpes is a chronic, recurrent, and difficult-to-cure sexually transmitted disease caused by the infection of the urinary and genital mucous membranes and perianal skin by the herpes simplex virus. Currently, there are no drugs or methods in clinical practice that can completely eliminate the herpes simplex virus, so the genital herpes virus cannot be completely killed, and genital herpes cannot be completely cured.

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How long is the incubation period for genital herpes?

The incubation period of genital herpes generally ranges from 2 to 14 days, with an average of 3 to 5 days, meaning that patients might not exhibit any symptoms during the incubation period. After this period, erythema can appear around the external genitalia, followed by the development of papules, vesicles, erosions, ulcers, and crusts, which may be accompanied by pain, burning sensations, and itching. The local lymph nodes may swell, and some patients may experience headaches, fever, and fatigue as systemic symptoms.

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Are genital herpes and shingles caused by the same virus?

Genital herpes and shingles are caused by different viruses. Genital herpes is an infection with the herpes simplex virus, most often type 2 and in rare cases type 1; the causative agent of shingles is the varicella-zoster virus, which is the same virus that causes chickenpox, hence the two viruses are completely different. Another important characteristic is that herpes simplex virus infections tend to recur, especially during periods of low immunity, fever, or fatigue, whereas varicella-zoster virus infection can provide lasting immunity, with most people experiencing it only once in their lifetime, and only a very few with low immunity experiencing it more than once.

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How is genital herpes tested?

Herpes viruses are generally divided into two types, type 1 and type 2 genital herpes, mainly caused by type 2 herpes virus. The best approach for type 2 herpes virus is to use blister fluid for PCR testing of DNA. If testing is not possible, you can also consider blood tests for herpes virus antibodies. If the IGM for type 2 herpes virus is positive, then consider it a current symptomatic infection. If the IGM is negative, but HCG is positive, then consider this herpes as a past infection.