Is phenylketonuria related to jaundice?

Written by Wu Ben Rong

Pediatrics

Updated on May 01, 2025

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) and jaundice are unrelated, as the causes of these two conditions are fundamentally different, constituting two completely distinct types of diseases. Phenylketonuria is usually caused by a metabolic abnormality, primarily due to abnormal metabolism of phenylalanine in the body, and it is usually a genetic disease. Jaundice, on the other hand, is primarily caused by an abnormal metabolism of bilirubin. Although both diseases occur frequently in infants and young children, there is no essential correlation between the two diseases. It is recommended that regardless of the disease, parents should give adequate attention, promptly take their children to a reputable hospital for relevant examinations, and seek timely treatment.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

40sec

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Phenylketonuria patients lack phenylalanine hydroxylase.

Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene, leading to reduced enzyme activity and resulting in the accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolic products in the body, causing the disease. Phenylketonuria is the most common congenital amino acid metabolism disorder, clinically presenting with intellectual developmental delays, lighter skin and hair pigmentation, and a musty urine odor. The disease is mainly caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene, leading to reduced enzyme activity.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

38sec

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Is the incidence of phenylketonuria high?

Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease and is the most common congenital amino acid metabolic disorder. The main clinical manifestations include distinctive features such as intellectual disability, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a mouse-like urine odor, which is named after the large amounts of phenylketone acid metabolites excreted in the urine. The incidence of this disease varies by race and region, and the overall incidence in China is approximately 1:11,000, meaning one in eleven thousand. The incidence is higher in the northern population than in the southern population, though it is not particularly high.

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Written by Zeng Hai Jiang

Pediatrics

48sec

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Can people with phenylketonuria not eat things high in protein?

Phenylketonuria patients should avoid foods high in protein, as phenylketonuria is a common amino acid metabolism disorder caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase in the metabolic pathway of phenylalanine, leading to disordered metabolism of phenylalanine in the liver. Phenylketonuria is a hereditary metabolic disease that can be managed through diet. Natural foods contain certain amounts of phenylalanine. Once diagnosed, the patient should cease consuming natural diets and switch to a phenylalanine-restricted diet. Foods rich in protein have higher amounts of phenylalanine, thus, those with phenylketonuria should not consume foods high in protein.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

1min 3sec

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Phenylketonuria has what symptoms?

Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is the most common congenital amino acid metabolism disorder. Its main clinical characteristics include intellectual disability, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a mousy urine odor. This name arises from the excretion of large amounts of phenylketonic acid metabolites in children's urine, which leads to the characteristic odor. Typically, affected children appear normal at birth, but symptoms usually begin to appear between three to six months of age, with most significant symptoms evident by one year. The most prominent issue is delayed intellectual development, with intelligence quotients often falling below normal. Skin pigmentation usually becomes lighter several months after birth due to insufficient melanin synthesis, resulting in hair turning from black to yellow and a paler skin complexion. Additionally, a distinct mousy body odor is produced due to the excretion of excessive phenylacetic acid in urine and sweat.

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Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

1min 13sec

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How is phenylketonuria cured?

Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive genetic disease, primarily due to a mutation in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene which leads to reduced enzymatic activity, causing the accumulation of phenylalanine and its metabolites in the body, thereby leading to this disease. The main manifestations include developmental intellectual disabilities, light skin and hair pigmentation, and a musty urine odor. Once diagnosed, immediate treatment is necessary, mainly using a low-phenylalanine formula milk. Generally, when orally administering low-phenylalanine formula milk, it is essential to monitor the phenylalanine levels in the blood. Since each patient has a different tolerance level for phenylalanine, periodic determination of blood phenylalanine concentration is required in the dietary treatment. Such patients can only be treated long-term in this way; it is not curable nor can it be completely eradicated; treatment can only alleviate the symptoms and involves long-term administration of a low-phenylalanine diet.