What are the symptoms of tetanus sequelae?

Written by Zhang Da Wei
General Surgery
Updated on January 20, 2025
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Tetanus, a viral infection problem, is actually quite a common disease. Usually, if the wound is deep or caused by rusty metals, there is a higher possibility of it leading to a tetanus infection. This condition requires timely treatment or prevention, otherwise, it can easily lead to complications. For example, tetanus typically causes complications primarily related to the lungs, such as pneumonia and pulmonary edema, among other issues, which are quite typical. The infected individual may experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, nausea, etc., all of which could be a result of tetanus bacteria infection. In the case of a deep wound, it is crucial to promptly administer a vaccine to prevent exacerbation of the infection, and local treatment should be performed to effectively prevent it.

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Symptoms of Tetanus

What are the symptoms of tetanus? Generally, the prodromal symptoms include overall weakness, headache, difficulty swallowing, or limited movement of the head and neck. If the condition progresses further, there may be typical symptoms such as difficulty opening the mouth or tense jaw muscles, leading to muscle spasms in the limbs, possibly causing spasms of the larynx, which can lead to breathing difficulties or even suffocation. Hence, it is a particularly severe manifestation. Some individuals may experience generalized tonic muscle spasms throughout the body, a milder manifestation with a typically longer incubation period. Therefore, in the treatment of tetanus, proactive active immunization should be pursued.

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Can getting ear piercings lead to tetanus?

Piercing ears generally does not result in a tetanus infection. Since the wounds from ear piercings are relatively small, they basically reach aerobic conditions. Tetanus bacillus are anaerobic bacteria and generally do not proliferate in an aerobic environment. In an anaerobic environment, however, tetanus bacillus can proliferate extensively, which is when a patient might show symptoms of tetanus. However, the specific condition of the patient's ears must also be considered. If the patient’s earlobes are very thick, the small external opening from the piercing might create an anaerobic environment within the middle of the earlobe. If tetanus bacillus colonizes inside the wound, it may lead to extensive proliferation of the bacteria.

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Initial symptoms of tetanus

The bacterium that causes tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which is an anaerobic bacterium. If the wound is deep and enclosed in an environment lacking oxygen, it creates a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of Clostridium tetani. Its incubation period is generally around one week. Early symptoms may include general fatigue, localized muscle tension, and uncontrollable spasms. The first muscles affected are usually the facial chewing muscles, and it can then progress to intense, spasmodic contractions of muscles throughout the body, and even cause fractures. Mild stimuli such as light, sound, or drinking water can trigger and worsen these symptoms, somewhat similar to rabies. However, a characteristic feature of tetanus is that the patient remains mentally clear. Most patients may die from respiratory spasms leading to asphyxiation, heart failure, or lung infections.

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What should be avoided after a tetanus shot?

Tetanus injections are a common preventive measure in daily life and are generally effective against tetanus bacillus infections. After receiving a tetanus injection, it is necessary to follow a specific diet. Typically, within a week of the injection, it is recommended to avoid spicy and irritating foods, as well as acidic foods. Beverages such as strong tea, coffee, and alcohol should also be avoided as much as possible. Additionally, foods that commonly cause allergic reactions, especially if one is usually allergic to certain foods, should be avoided under these circumstances. This is because if the immune system is weakened, the effectiveness against tetanus bacillus may diminish. Furthermore, it is crucial to get plenty of rest, drink more warm water, consume more fruits and vegetables, avoid strenuous activities, and avoid meat stimulants such as dog and lamb meat, among other considerations.

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Is tetanus easy to get?

Tetanus is typically caused by the entry of Clostridium tetani into the body through broken skin or mucous membranes, producing toxins that lead to a specific infection. In daily life, Clostridium tetani is ubiquitous, present in places like moist soil, rusty iron, and some bamboo sticks. When an injury occurs, if the wound is deep, it should be promptly cleaned with hydrogen peroxide and saline solution. Then, it is best to go to a hospital to receive a tetanus vaccine within 24 hours. A wound that has been vaccinated against tetanus generally does not get infected. Therefore, when there is a wound, as long as the wound is timely cleaned, contaminants or foreign objects removed, and then a tetanus vaccine administered at a formal medical institution, tetanus is not so easy to contract.