What are the symptoms of a tetanus wound?

Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
Updated on June 06, 2025
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Under normal circumstances, the wounds of tetanus are usually small and deep. There may be redness and swelling at the wound site. After a tetanus infection, when symptoms occur, the redness seen is different from the usual redness - it typically appears as a dark red. The wound might have a deep infection and produce pus, which is either white or blood-tinged. Additionally, there will be pain at the wound site, which feels severely painful to the touch, and sometimes the severe pain is felt even without touching it.

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Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
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What situations require a tetanus shot?

Usually, tetanus is caused by the toxin produced within the human body by Clostridium tetani, entering through broken skin or mucosa, leading to a specific type of infection. Tetanus is commonly found in our surroundings, such as in moist soil, rusty iron, or on bamboo sticks. When wounds are large, deep, severely contaminated, contain foreign bodies, or in cases of severe burns, scalds, or certain open fractures, it is crucial to seek timely vaccination at medical institutions.

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Written by Gao Jun
Emergency Surgery
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Initial symptoms of tetanus

The bacterium that causes tetanus is Clostridium tetani, which is an anaerobic bacterium. If the wound is deep and enclosed in an environment lacking oxygen, it creates a suitable environment for the growth and reproduction of Clostridium tetani. Its incubation period is generally around one week. Early symptoms may include general fatigue, localized muscle tension, and uncontrollable spasms. The first muscles affected are usually the facial chewing muscles, and it can then progress to intense, spasmodic contractions of muscles throughout the body, and even cause fractures. Mild stimuli such as light, sound, or drinking water can trigger and worsen these symptoms, somewhat similar to rabies. However, a characteristic feature of tetanus is that the patient remains mentally clear. Most patients may die from respiratory spasms leading to asphyxiation, heart failure, or lung infections.

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Written by Liu Huan Huan
General Surgery
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Can superficial wounds get tetanus?

Tetanus infection commonly occurs in deeper wounds, for instance, wounds that reach the subcutaneous fat layer, and in severe cases, even the muscle layer. Such deep wounds can create an anaerobic environment, and Clostridium tetani, an anaerobic bacterium, thrives in this oxygen-free environment. It can secrete various bacterial toxins, thereby causing tetanus in patients. Therefore, tetanus generally occurs in deep wounds. For superficial wounds, the chance of contracting tetanus is almost zero if the wound is properly disinfected locally.

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Written by Zhang Da Wei
General Surgery
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How many times can a tetanus shot be administered in a year?

The tetanus toxin vaccine is used for emergency vaccination. The main ingredient of this vaccine is the tetanus antitoxin. It is best to be vaccinated within 24 hours, and the sooner the vaccination is administered, the stronger the potential for protection. However, the duration of protection provided by the vaccine is not very long, and the effect of the tetanus antitoxin medication generally lasts about a week. Therefore, vaccination within 24 hours can effectively prevent problems that may occur within that week. Generally, there is no specific number for the annual frequency, but it is usually recommended not to exceed three times per year. Of course, this depends on the degree of injury. If there is a risk of infection, then the vaccine should be administered since its preventive effect is currently considered the best and can achieve significant efficacy.

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Written by Zhang Da Wei
General Surgery
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What are the symptoms of tetanus sequelae?

Tetanus, a viral infection problem, is actually quite a common disease. Usually, if the wound is deep or caused by rusty metals, there is a higher possibility of it leading to a tetanus infection. This condition requires timely treatment or prevention, otherwise, it can easily lead to complications. For example, tetanus typically causes complications primarily related to the lungs, such as pneumonia and pulmonary edema, among other issues, which are quite typical. The infected individual may experience symptoms such as difficulty breathing, coughing, nausea, etc., all of which could be a result of tetanus bacteria infection. In the case of a deep wound, it is crucial to promptly administer a vaccine to prevent exacerbation of the infection, and local treatment should be performed to effectively prevent it.