How to desensitize 0.75ml tetanus?

Written by Li Jin Quan
General Surgery
Updated on September 14, 2024
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Usually, the tetanus desensitization injection is administered in four doses. We start with 0.1 ml of tetanus toxoid plus 0.9 ml of saline diluted to 1 ml for intramuscular injection. After 20 minutes, we use 0.2 ml of tetanus toxoid plus 0.8 ml of saline diluted to 1 ml for another intramuscular injection. Twenty minutes later, we inject 0.3 ml of tetanus toxoid plus 0.7 ml of saline diluted to 1 ml intramuscularly. After another 20 minutes, we dilute the remaining tetanus toxoid with saline to 1 ml for the final intramuscular injection. After the injection, we observe for 30 minutes; if there is no allergic reaction, then it is complete.

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Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
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How long does tetanus antibody last?

The duration of tetanus antibodies varies under two scenarios. The first is passive immunity, which is achieved through injections such as tetanus antitoxin or tetanus immunoglobulin. The duration of immunity provided by these injections is relatively short. Typically, tetanus antitoxin lasts about four days, while tetanus immunoglobulin can last up to three weeks. After this period, the levels of antibodies gradually decrease, and the body may no longer be protected. Therefore, a single application of tetanus antitoxin or immunoglobulin does not provide long-lasting immunity. The second scenario involves antibodies produced by active immunity, generally through the injection of a vaccine made from attenuated tetanus bacilli. Antibodies usually start to develop about ten days after vaccination, with levels gradually increasing over two to three months and remaining high. This type of immunity lasts up to about ten years, but it is not lifelong. Regular boosters, guided by relevant tests, are required to maintain immunity.

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Written by Gao Tian
General Surgery
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What should I do if the tetanus skin test is positive?

For patients, what to do if there is a positive tetanus skin test? Generally if it's positive, you can undergo desensitization injections or use anti-protein drugs. Therefore, in such cases, getting a tetanus injection is also a preventative measure against infection. It's recommended to visit a surgeon to complete relevant examinations and then decide on the next steps. At the same time, thorough debridement and disinfection should be carried out. Afterwards, rest, pay attention to diet by avoiding spicy and irritating foods, maintain cleanliness and dryness, change dressings regularly, and have regular follow-ups. With proper control, recovery is possible.

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Written by Li Xiao Lin
Emergency Department
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Can tetanus cause back pain?

Tetanus attacks can cause back pain. The main symptoms of tetanus are convulsions, impaired consciousness, and frothing at the mouth. If the attacks continue, not only will there be back pain, but also pain in the limbs, and severe cases may lead to fractures. Therefore, when tetanus occurs, the patient should be taken to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment. Sedatives should be administered, and if necessary, anesthesia should be used to control the symptoms and reduce complications. Attention should also be paid to keeping the airway clear to minimize the occurrence of asphyxiation. If necessary, tracheal intubation and ventilator treatment should be applied.

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Written by Tang Da Wei
General Surgery
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Will a tetanus wound heal?

Tetanus wounds do not heal, and they contain a large amount of tetanus bacilli, which reproduce massively, leading to symptoms such as redness, pain, and even pus discharge in the affected area. Generally, these wounds cannot heal by themselves; even if the skin heals, the underlying and muscle tissues infected by tetanus can cause the skin to rupture and possibly accumulate pus. If a superficial wound is suspected to be infected with tetanus, it is necessary to promptly enlarge the wound, i.e., expand the surface wound, and rinse repeatedly with hydrogen peroxide and clean water to further kill the tetanus bacilli inside. At the same time, it is necessary to administer tetanus antitoxin, regularly observe the patient's clinical manifestations, and if necessary, administer tetanus antitoxin again after a period.

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Written by He Zong Quan
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How to avoid tetanus with minor wounds

If minor wounds are not properly handled, they can lead to serious problems, including tetanus. Treatment for minor wounds should be based on the integrity of the skin, the depth of the wound, and whether the object causing the wound was rusty. For simple minor wounds where the integrity of the skin is maintained and only abrasions are present, disinfection of the affected skin area may suffice. If the wound has compromised the integrity of the skin and is deep, especially if caused by rusty, sharp objects, it is necessary to thoroughly remove any foreign materials, clean the wound, and suture it. Dressing changes might be required, along with tetanus vaccination to prevent tetanus infection.