Can an anal abscess without pus be treated without surgery?

Written by Yu Xu Chao
Colorectal Surgery
Updated on December 05, 2024
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Perianal abscesses require surgical treatment even if there is no pus present, as early-stage perianal abscesses are primarily characterized by pain and noticeable lumps near the anus, with the lumps typically being hard. This condition is mainly considered to be an infection and inflammation of the anal glands, which then infects the surrounding tissue, leading to the development of lumps. Surgical treatment should be undertaken as soon as possible even in the absence of pus, because as the infection worsens over time, it may lead to the formation of pus. Early treatment can be advantageous as the infected area is not very extensive, thus resulting in a smaller surgical wound. For early-stage perianal abscesses, a one-time radical surgery may be chosen to remove the internal opening and the infected tissue thoroughly, followed by postoperative care using medicated substances such as erythromycin ointment gauze, anal washes, or mupirocin ointment to promote healing of the surgical wound.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao
Colorectal Surgery
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Differences between minimally invasive surgery and traditional surgery for perianal abscess

In clinical practice, perianal abscesses are primarily due to infection and inflammation of the anal glands, which then leads to the formation of red and swollen masses around the anus, causing pain and swelling near the anus. If not treated surgically in a timely manner, it can lead to necrotizing fasciitis or anal fistulas. Minimally invasive surgery for perianal abscesses mainly aims to minimize damage to the anal sphincter during the procedure. Techniques such as loop drainage can be employed to preserve it, whereas traditional surgery generally involves larger incisions, but provides better drainage and has a lower recurrence rate post-operatively. However, leakage or moisture in the anal area can occur after traditional surgery. For minimally invasive surgery for perianal abscesses, there is a relatively higher recurrence rate since the drainage may not be as effective. However, the integrity of the anus post-surgery is better preserved and incidents of leakage are less frequent. The choice of surgical method should still be based on the severity of the perianal abscess.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Why is a perianal abscess so painful?

During the acute phase of a perianal abscess, the intense pain is mainly due to the formation of an abscess and pus pockets in the subcutaneous area around the anus. The pus within these cavities cannot rupture, causing localized skin nerves to experience pecking-like or jumping pain. The pain from a perianal abscess is generally unbearable for patients, necessitating prompt surgical treatment. The surgical approach for a perianal abscess primarily involves incision and drainage, followed by debridement of the abscess cavity. It is important to note that postoperative disinfection and dressing changes of the local wound are crucial to prevent false healing of the wound.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Early symptoms of perianal abscess

When perianal abscesses occur, there are usually significant triggers, most commonly seen after acute diarrhea or when a patient's immunity has recently declined. In the early stages of a perianal abscess, there are sudden symptoms of localized swelling and pain around the anus, accompanied by a sensation of heaviness. As the local abscess cavity enlarges and the infection worsens, the patient may also experience general weakness, fever, and even a decrease in appetite. During the acute phase of a perianal abscess, due to severe local pain, patients are unable to carry on with normal life activities, including sitting and walking. The pain may further involve pelvic muscles and nerves, leading to difficulties with defecation and urinary retention.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Can a perianal abscess heal by itself without rupturing?

Perianal abscesses that have not ruptured generally involve two scenarios. First, the application of topical or oral antibiotics may eliminate the local abscess, but some infection foci and swelling may persist, with a possibility of recurrence later. The second scenario occurs when the abscess does not rupture, but the pus chamber further expands, leading to an increase in the area of infection and thus worsening systemic infection symptoms. Once a perianal abscess is detected, it is necessary to treat it promptly. If an early-stage typical pus chamber has not formed, antibiotics can be used for symptomatic treatment to reduce local inflammation. If a clear pus chamber has formed and is accompanied by pus, it is advisable to promptly perform an incision and drainage of the abscess, followed by a definitive surgical debridement.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Which is more serious, perianal abscess or hemorrhoids?

Perianal abscesses and hemorrhoids are two different types of anorectal diseases. During the acute phase of a perianal abscess, the urgency of the condition is greater than that of hemorrhoids. If active surgical intervention and incisional drainage and debridement are not carried out for a perianal abscess, it can lead to further enlargement of the pus cavity, increasing the size of the infected wound and the focus of infection, causing more severe pain and symptoms of systemic infection in the patient. Hemorrhoids, on the other hand, can be managed with conservative medication to alleviate symptoms. Surgical treatment is considered only when there are recurrent flare-ups, severe pain, significant prolapse, and worsening bleeding.