Why is a perianal abscess so painful?

Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
Updated on December 19, 2024
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During the acute phase of a perianal abscess, the intense pain is mainly due to the formation of an abscess and pus pockets in the subcutaneous area around the anus. The pus within these cavities cannot rupture, causing localized skin nerves to experience pecking-like or jumping pain. The pain from a perianal abscess is generally unbearable for patients, necessitating prompt surgical treatment. The surgical approach for a perianal abscess primarily involves incision and drainage, followed by debridement of the abscess cavity. It is important to note that postoperative disinfection and dressing changes of the local wound are crucial to prevent false healing of the wound.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Can a perianal abscess be treated with hot compresses?

Hot compress therapy for perianal abscesses is typically chosen after surgery. Prior to surgery, due to the formation of a typical pus cavity in the perianal abscess and the encapsulation of pus fluid, it is an acute infectious foci. Using hot compress therapy can easily lead to further aggravation of the local infection or spread of the pus cavity, which may worsen the condition. Therefore, hot compresses are not recommended before surgery. After promptly conducting surgery on a perianal abscess, since the local wound contains infectious material, it is suitable to fumigate and apply hot compresses postoperatively to disinfect the local wound further, and to manage residual fecal matter to prevent infection. Additionally, changing dressings is necessary to promote the fresh growth of normal granulation tissue, thus leading to the proper healing of the wound rather than pseudohealing or infection.

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Colorectal Surgery
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Anal abscess should visit which department?

Perianal abscess is a common disease in proctology, generally involving an infection of the local anal crypts and submucosal tissues near the anus. When a perianal abscess acutely flares, it is necessary to register with the department of coloproctology and undergo surgical treatment as soon as possible to prevent the abscess from expanding and leading to a systemic infection. The primary surgical treatment for perianal abscesses is a onetime radical surgery, but when there are changes resembling anal fistulas or leakage, options may also include incision, drainage, and seton procedures. After surgery, it is necessary to disinfect the local wound daily and ensure that the wound drainage is unobstructed.

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Colorectal Surgery
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What will happen if a perianal abscess is not treated?

Perianal abscesses are localized abscess formations that occur due to repeated infections in the anal crypts. Typically, under perianal ultrasonography, clear pus chambers and related structures can be observed. If perianal abscesses are not treated promptly, there is a high likelihood of expansion of the local pus chambers and dispersion of the pus, leading to an increase in the size of local anal abscesses, which might involve the sacrococcygeal area or the intersphincteric space. The primary treatment for perianal abscesses is surgical, mainly through incision and drainage to evacuate the pus, followed by thorough debridement of the local wound. Additionally, if there are changes in the local sphincter, thread-lifting therapy may also be performed.

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Colorectal Surgery
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How many days of antibiotic injections are needed to treat a perianal abscess?

During the acute phase of a perianal abscess, the main focus is on the nature of the local abscess. If it is a hard swelling without pus formation, anti-inflammatory injections or antibiotics can be used for symptomatic treatment. Generally, a five to seven-day course of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment can reduce the local swelling, but it cannot guarantee a 100% chance of non-recurrence in the future. If a local pus cavity or swelling has already formed, and there is pus formation, simply using anti-inflammatory injections for symptomatic treatment will not be curative. Surgery is also required, mainly involving opening the local pus cavity, cleaning out the pus thoroughly, and removing local infection foci to promote normal growth of fresh granulation tissue, which could then lead to the healing of the local wound.

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Colorectal Surgery
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Why does a perianal abscess recur?

Perianal abscess is an infectious disease of the local skin and tissues around the anus caused by an infection in the anal crypts. If a perianal abscess is not treated with a definitive one-time surgical intervention, it is very likely to recur, or after rupture of the abscess, to form an anal fistula with long-term intermittent discharge of pus from an external opening. Therefore, during the acute phase of a perianal abscess, once a distinct abscess cavity and pus formation occurs, it is necessary to promptly perform a one-time definitive surgical treatment of the perianal abscess, rather than choosing conservative medication treatment or simple incision and drainage. The above treatments only temporarily alleviate symptoms of a perianal abscess; only a one-time definitive surgery that completely cleans the local wound can result in the complete healing of the perianal abscess.