Perianal abscesses that recur or occur acutely may locally form an abscess or pus pocket. If the abscess or pus ruptures, secretions will flow out of the abscess cavity around the anus, further leading to the formation of an anal fistula. After the perianal abscess ruptures, it is necessary to promptly perform local debridement, mainly to thoroughly remove the pus from the abscess cavity and to further disinfect the area. After a typical anal fistula forms, surgical treatment involving a fistulotomy with seton placement is required. The principle of the surgery is to completely remove the local infection while preserving the function of the anal sphincter muscles. Subsequent dressing changes and application of ointments or growth factor gels are necessary to promote normal growth of the granulation tissue.