Symptoms of rectal cancer recurrence

Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
Updated on September 03, 2024
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The symptoms of rectal cancer recurrence can include changes in bowel habits and stool characteristics, possibly presenting as rectal bleeding, increased frequency of bowel movements, a sensation of heaviness in the anus, and changes in stool shape, such as narrowing. The second symptom may be abdominal pain, particularly persistent and subtle pain. The third symptom involves palpable abdominal lumps or masses, especially with right-sided colon cancer. The fourth symptom is intestinal obstruction, which can occur if the bowel is blocked due to the recurrence of rectal cancer, leading to symptoms of intestinal obstruction. The fifth symptom, if the recurrent rectal cancer has metastasized, may lead to symptoms at the respective metastatic sites.

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Is a severely blocked anus a symptom of rectal cancer?

Is anal blockage a manifestation of rectal cancer? The answer could be yes, but it could also be due to hemorrhoids, or other diseases. The main common symptoms of rectal cancer include changes in bowel habits and the characteristics of the stool. There may be frequent bowel movements, diarrhea, or constipation, or alternating constipation and diarrhea, a sensation of anal heaviness, or associated with vague abdominal pain. Symptoms of abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and abdominal masses might also appear. When the tumor grows to a certain extent, an abdominal mass can be palpated, which might cause some compressive symptoms, possibly leading to anal blockage as one of the symptoms.

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Stage IV rectal cancer

In the staging of rectal cancer, we generally use the TNM staging system clinically. "T" refers to the primary tumor, "N" indicates whether there is lymph node metastasis, and staging is based on the status of the lymph nodes. "M" indicates whether there is distant metastasis. Stage IV refers to any stage of "T" and any stage of "N", as long as there is distant metastasis, such as rectal cancer metastasizing to the liver, lungs, or bones. When these distant organ metastases occur, the staging is M1, any "T", any "N", M1. This scenario is stage IV, indicating the presence of distant organ metastasis and represents advanced stage rectal cancer patients.

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Early symptoms of rectal cancer

The early symptoms of rectal cancer generally include the following aspects: many patients experience changes in their bowel habits, such as prolonged diarrhea, prolonged constipation, or alternating occurrences of diarrhea and constipation. Some patients also experience changes in the characteristics of their stools, with stools becoming thinner and more watery due to increased bowel movements. Additionally, some patients may excrete stools mixed with mucus, pus, and blood, or stools that contain blood, and may experience a feeling of urgency followed by a sensation of incomplete evacuation. Some patients also feel itching or a dull pain in the anal area. Moreover, the early symptoms of rectal cancer are not very prominent, and many patients can easily confuse them with benign rectal diseases such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures. This confusion leads many patients not to seek medical attention, and by the time symptoms like significant pain and lumps appear, the disease is typically in its intermediate or advanced stages.

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What are the late-stage symptoms of rectal cancer?

The late-stage symptoms of rectal cancer patients in clinical practice mainly include the following types. The first type is abdominal symptoms caused locally by rectal cancer. For example: bloody stools, pass stools with mucous and pus, anal pain, bloating, abdominal pain, and other manifestations. The second category of symptoms is those from metastases in various locations. For example, bone metastases cause bone pain and limb movement disorders. Lung metastases cause chest tightness, shortness of breath after activity, chest pain, breathing difficulties, coughing and coughing up blood, etc. Brain metastases cause headaches, dizziness, and seizures. The third category of symptoms is mainly systemic symptoms caused by rectal cancer lesions, such as: weight loss, fatigue, and high fever.

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Does stage II rectal cancer require chemotherapy?

Whether a stage II colorectal cancer patient needs adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery depends on the specific circumstances. For example, stage IIA patients are classified as T3, N0, M0. The necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy for these patients should be determined based on the pathological report. If the report indicates the presence of vascular invasion, neural invasion, poor differentiation, or if microsatellite stability testing shows poor prognostic factors, then such patients should undergo postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. If none of these conditions are present in a stage IIA patient, then postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy may not be necessary. Generally, stage IIB patients, whose tumors have penetrated the full thickness of the intestinal wall, are recommended to undergo postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, the specific conditions of the patient need to be considered.