Is breast swelling and pain during menstruation normal?

Written by Fan Hong Qiao
Breast Health Department
Updated on September 24, 2024
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For many women, in addition to experiencing dysmenorrhea during their menstrual period, they often encounter various discomforts. Many young and middle-aged women experience breast pain before and after their period. Is this normal? Many women worry that this is a sign of a pathological change in their breasts. Generally speaking, this type of cyclical breast pain or stabbing pain that occurs as the menstrual cycle approaches and then eases or disappears after the onset of menstruation is mostly due to changes in hormones within the body, and it is a normal physiological condition that does not require treatment. However, if the pain is severe, it is necessary to seek medical attention promptly.

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Is it normal to have breast pain in the late stages of pregnancy?

In the later stages of pregnancy, it is normal for pregnant women to experience breast pain. This occurs because, in the late stages of pregnancy, levels of estrogen and progesterone increase. Under the combined influence of these hormones, the mammary glands become congested and swollen, further proliferate, and the mammary ducts expand, leading to breast pain. This condition prepares the body for breastfeeding after childbirth. When breast pain occurs, one can use a hot towel to apply heat to the breasts to alleviate the pain. Additionally, it is important to choose comfortable bras daily, avoiding those that are too tight or small, as they can cause compression on the breasts.

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What is causing breast swelling, pain, and discharge of pus?

Breast pain and hyperplasia are related, while purulent discharge might be caused by inflammation within the ducts. Usually, this can be diagnosed through ductoscopy. If it is inflammation, the lesions can be identified under ductoscopy, and then can be treated through washing with metronidazole and gentamicin, achieving a cure. However, there is a scenario where the issue is due to previously forcefully suppressing milk expulsion, leading to a large amount of milk residue in the ducts, causing purulent discharge. In this case, local heat application followed by massage and milk expulsion performed by a professional lactation masseuse can cure the condition. Regular follow-up with ultrasound and mammography of the breast is needed in the future. (Medications should be used under the guidance of a physician.)

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Breast pain and bleeding after intercourse, what could be the reason?

Breast pain and nipple bleeding during intercourse are considered types of nipple discharge, possibly caused by intraductal papilloma or chronic inflammation of the ducts. Diagnosis can be made through mammography or ductoscopy. Generally, we choose ductoscopy, which allows direct observation on a computer screen whether the cause is inflammation or intraductal papilloma. If the issue is solely inflammation, it can be treated by flushing through ductoscopy. If intraductal papilloma is suspected, ductoscopy can be used to collect a tissue sample for pathology to determine whether it is due to intraductal papilloma or cancer within the ducts.

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What causes breast pain before menstruation?

In clinical practice, I often hear complaints from female friends that they experience breast tenderness before menstruation. What exactly is the cause of this? Mild breast tenderness may be due to hormonal changes in the body, which is a normal physiological condition. Of course, it could also be caused by diseases, such as the most common fibrocystic breast change, which is associated with cyclical breast pain during the menstrual cycle. There are also other diseases that can cause cyclical breast pain, and it is important to pay attention to them. Especially in cases of severe pain, or when even light touch causes significant discomfort, we recommend visiting a hospital for relevant examinations as soon as possible.

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How to regulate premenstrual breast swelling and pain

Before menstruation, estrogen levels rise and the breast tissue becomes congested and swollen, leading to breast pain. At this time, it is recommended for women to maintain a light diet, keep in a pleasant mood, avoid irritability, have regular routines, avoid excessive fatigue, and engage in moderate exercise, among other practices. After menstruation begins, hormone levels decrease, and this type of pain naturally eases without needing much attention. However, if the pain is severe and affects normal life, or if the pain lasts beyond the menstrual period, it is advised to visit a breast surgery specialist 3 to 5 days after the end of the period for an examination.