What are the complications of late-stage cirrhosis?

Written by Si Li Li
Gastroenterology
Updated on July 02, 2025
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Late-stage cirrhosis, medically referred to as decompensated cirrhosis, can lead to portal hypertension. Portal hypertension may cause esophagogastric varices, and eating hard or sharp-edged food might lead to rupturing of these varices, resulting in major upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Decompensated cirrhosis can also result in ascites, palmar erythema, spider angiomas, and symptoms such as general weakness, emaciation, dull or darkened complexion. Common causes of cirrhosis include viral hepatitis, including chronic hepatitis B and C, as well as fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and autoimmune liver diseases.

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Written by Si Li Li
Gastroenterology
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Why is the liver enlarged in the early stages of cirrhosis?

In the early stages of cirrhosis, it is generally characterized by an enlarged liver and spleen. If it progresses to the middle and late stages, reaching the decompensated phase, the liver will significantly decrease in size, while the spleen will continue to enlarge. In the early stages of cirrhosis, timely treatment is essential. Identifying the cause of cirrhosis and then actively treating it is crucial to prevent the condition from worsening or causing complications. If early-stage cirrhosis is not treated promptly and progresses, the decompensated stage of cirrhosis may lead to complications such as ascites, lower limb edema, severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding, jaundice, and may even progress to liver cancer. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are very important.

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Written by Wu Hai Wu
Gastroenterology
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What is good to eat after vomiting in the early stages of cirrhosis?

In the early stages of cirrhosis, after vomiting, one should eat light and easily digestible food. It's necessary to avoid spicy and stimulating food or rough, hard-to-digest food. Meanwhile, patients with cirrhosis should quit smoking and drinking alcohol, and also avoid drinking strong tea, coffee, etc. Once cirrhosis is discovered in a patient, targeted treatment should be administered, and comprehensive tests like color ultrasound and gastroscopy are needed to ascertain whether there are complications caused by cirrhosis, such as ascites or ruptured esophagogastric varices causing bleeding, among others.

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Written by Ye Xi Yong
Infectious Diseases
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How long can one live with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis?

We cannot give a definite answer on how long a patient with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis can live, as the life expectancy in late-stage cirrhosis is influenced by many factors including treatment measures, lifestyle adjustments, daily healthcare, and physical condition. Patients in the compensated stage of cirrhosis, if treated and the progression of cirrhosis is halted, with normal liver function and negative hepatitis B virus replication indicators, can work normally. In this state, the quality of life is good, and they can live to 70 to 80 years old. For patients in the decompensated stage of cirrhosis, if untreated and the cirrhosis is allowed to progress, about 70 to 80% may die within 5 years; however, aggressive treatment, including traditional Chinese medicine for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, combined with antiviral treatment, bleeding prevention, liver protection, and liver transplantation, can significantly increase the survival time of patients.

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Written by Zhang Jian Kang
Infectious Disease
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Is hepatitis B cirrhosis contagious?

If hepatitis B is not well controlled, it can easily lead to the occurrence of cirrhosis. After the hepatitis B virus infects the human body, it causes repeated inflammatory damage to the liver, with recurring abnormalities in liver function. If during this period there is no formal antiviral treatment or lack of attention, it is very likely to lead to the development of cirrhosis. Once cirrhosis from hepatitis B occurs, it is generally irreversible. Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B is also an infectious disease, and its level of infectiousness mainly depends on the presence of the virus. If the viral load is positive, indicated by a positive HBV-DNA test, then it is infectious. If HBV-DNA is negative, then it is not infectious. Therefore, whether cirrhosis from hepatitis B is infectious primarily depends on the level of HBV-DNA.

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Written by Wu Hai Wu
Gastroenterology
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Is early-stage cirrhosis easy to detect?

Early-stage liver cirrhosis can be detected through abdominal ultrasound examinations or blood tests, such as liver function tests, liver fibrosis quartet tests, or transient elastography of the liver. Once early-stage liver cirrhosis is diagnosed, further diagnostic tests are necessary to promptly determine the underlying causes of liver cirrhosis, allowing for causal and symptomatic treatment to begin as soon as possible. After the onset of liver cirrhosis, it is crucial to regularly complete abdominal ultrasound examinations and gastroscopy to check for the presence of complications such as ascites or bleeding from esophagogastric varices, among others.