Is hepatitis B cirrhosis contagious?

Written by Zhang Jian Kang
Infectious Disease
Updated on September 08, 2024
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If hepatitis B is not well controlled, it can easily lead to the occurrence of cirrhosis. After the hepatitis B virus infects the human body, it causes repeated inflammatory damage to the liver, with recurring abnormalities in liver function. If during this period there is no formal antiviral treatment or lack of attention, it is very likely to lead to the development of cirrhosis. Once cirrhosis from hepatitis B occurs, it is generally irreversible. Cirrhosis due to hepatitis B is also an infectious disease, and its level of infectiousness mainly depends on the presence of the virus. If the viral load is positive, indicated by a positive HBV-DNA test, then it is infectious. If HBV-DNA is negative, then it is not infectious. Therefore, whether cirrhosis from hepatitis B is infectious primarily depends on the level of HBV-DNA.

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Can abnormal liver function and nosebleeds indicate liver cirrhosis?

Abnormal liver function accompanied by nosebleeds does not necessarily indicate cirrhosis. Nosebleeds in patients with abnormal liver function can be due to acute hepatitis leading to liver failure and decreased coagulation function. Of course, in patients with cirrhosis, a significant decline in coagulation function may also result in nosebleeds. Therefore, patients experiencing nosebleeds due to abnormal liver function should actively seek medical attention. It is important to complete liver function tests and coagulation assays, as well as comprehensive abdominal imaging examinations, such as CT scans, ultrasonography, and MRI, to assess the condition of the patient. Based on these assessments, appropriate medical treatment should be administered.

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Will early portal hypertension from cirrhosis get better?

As for whether early portal hypertension caused by liver cirrhosis can improve, it depends on the cause of the liver cirrhosis and the effectiveness of the treatment for liver cirrhosis. If the liver cirrhosis is caused by viral hepatitis, then with proactive antiviral treatment, the early stage of liver cirrhosis might be reversible to some extent, and the portal hypertension might also be treatable. If it is due to some difficult-to-treat causes of liver cirrhosis, then the patient’s portal hypertension is likely hard to improve. For example, in cases of early liver cirrhosis caused by autoimmune liver disease, the liver cirrhosis will progressively worsen, and at this point, the portal hypertension cannot improve. Once portal hypertension occurs, it is necessary to regularly perform gastroscopy examinations.

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Do I need to take liver-protective medicine in the early stages of cirrhosis?

As for whether it is still necessary to take liver-protective medication in the early stages of cirrhosis, it depends on whether there is liver function impairment in patients with early-stage cirrhosis. If there is liver function impairment, such as elevated transaminases and bilirubin, then it is necessary to take some liver-protective medications. If liver function is normal, then it is sufficient to treat only the cause of the disease. For example, if cirrhosis is caused by chronic hepatitis B virus infection, but the patient's liver function is normal, then antiviral treatment alone is sufficient. If the cirrhosis is due to alcohol abuse, then strict abstinence from alcohol is required, and the condition can generally be stabilized.

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What stage is cirrhosis vomiting blood?

When patients with cirrhosis experience vomiting blood, it generally indicates that the cirrhosis has entered the decompensated phase, which is a late-stage symptom of cirrhosis. The main reason for vomiting blood may likely be that the cirrhosis has caused a peptic ulcer, or rupture and bleeding of esophageal and gastric varices due to cirrhosis, or bleeding caused by portal hypertensive gastropathy resulting from cirrhosis. If vomiting blood occurs with cirrhosis, the amount of bleeding is generally very large. At this time, it is necessary to go to the hospital as soon as possible for a complete gastroscopy. When necessary, endoscopic treatment may be needed to stop the bleeding.

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Will cirrhosis continue to progress if there are no symptoms?

Cirrhosis may not have symptoms, yet it can still progress. There are various causes of cirrhosis, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, and fatty liver disease, among others. If the underlying causes are not removed, cirrhosis can continue to progress even without symptoms. For example, in chronic hepatitis B, if no effective antiviral treatment is administered, the patient may progress to decompensated cirrhosis in the absence of symptoms, which in severe cases, can lead to the development of liver cancer. Therefore, once cirrhosis is diagnosed, it is crucial to actively identify the cause and adopt different treatments according to the specific cause, such as abstaining from alcohol if the cirrhosis is alcohol-related.