Can infertility have menstruation?

Written by Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on March 06, 2025
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There are many causes of infertility. Normally, if a couple has been married for a year without using contraception and does not have a child, they are generally diagnosed with infertility. Infertility patients can develop from causes such as hormonal imbalances, which might lead to menstrual disorders and lack of normal ovulation, resulting in infertility. Infections like mycoplasma and chlamydia can also cause infertility, as can immune issues, abnormal ovulation, or problems with the fallopian tubes. However, infertility does not necessarily mean an absence of menstruation. Some patients may have normal menstrual cycles and ovulation. The reason for infertility in such cases might be due to blocked fallopian tubes or other hormonal issues. Therefore, whether an infertility patient has menstruation can vary; some may have a normal menstrual cycle, while others may not.

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Written by Zhang Wei Wei
Integrative Medicine
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Can you have sexual intercourse before infertility examination?

There are many types of examinations for infertility. If the examination is for male infertility, such as a semen analysis, it is recommended not to have sexual intercourse three days prior to the test. For females, if the examinations involve blood tests or a gynecological ultrasound, intercourse is permissible. However, if the examination includes a routine vaginal discharge test, it is advised not to have sexual intercourse for at least three days beforehand. More stringent timing is required for examinations like hysteroscopy or a fallopian tube radiography. The principle here is to conduct these tests three to seven days after menstruation has ended, in order to complete the fallopian tube radiography and hysteroscopy effectively.

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Written by Kang Jian Hua
Reproductive Center
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Can infertility be cured?

Infertility is mostly curable, and the causes can stem from the male partner, the female partner, or both. The first step is to identify the cause, and then under the guidance of a specialist, different treatment methods are adopted according to different causes. Common treatments include medication, surgical treatment, and when necessary, assisted reproductive technologies can be used. Assisted reproductive technologies have been a beacon of hope for many infertile couples, allowing them to successfully conceive and fulfill their desires to have children.

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Written by Kang Jian Hua
Reproductive Center
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Can infertile people get married?

On a voluntary basis, infertile patients who do not have legally specified diseases that impede or postpone marriage can marry. However, marriage is unsuitable in cases such as severe mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, severe intellectual disabilities such as dementia, and during an active phase of certain communicable diseases. This includes untreated syphilis, gonorrhea, AIDS, Hepatitis A, open tuberculosis, leprosy, and others. These diseases may potentially harm the other party, and in such cases, one should not marry or should postpone marriage.

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Written by Kang Jian Hua
Reproductive Center
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Infertility means the inability to conceive (get pregnant) after a year or more of regular sexual activity without contraception.

Many people are not clear about the difference between infertility and sterility, thinking that infertility refers to the inability of a woman to conceive, while sterility refers to the inability of a man to reproduce. Actually, this understanding is incorrect, or rather, incomplete. Infertility should be defined as a couple living together for more than a year, having normal sexual intercourse without contraception, and being unable to cause pregnancy in the female, which is called infertility. Sterility, on the other hand, refers to the situation where the female can get pregnant but cannot give birth. Therefore, there is a certain difference between the two. There are primary and secondary infertility. Primary infertility refers to those who have never been pregnant or given birth before. Secondary infertility refers to those who have previously been pregnant or given birth, but later, due to some reason or disease, are unable to conceive after living together for more than a year, which is called secondary infertility.

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Written by Zhang Lu
Obstetrics
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How long does it take to be considered infertile when trying to conceive?

Pregnancy for women requires a certain amount of time to be successful, and if one cannot become pregnant in the short term, it does not necessarily mean infertility. It could be due to irregular ovulation or incorrect timing of sexual activity. In clinical practice, it is generally considered that if one has been trying to conceive normally without deliberate contraception and still cannot become pregnant after a year, then infertility should be diagnosed. For cases where conception hasn't occurred after a year of trying, examinations should be carried out for both partners to determine if there are any pathological factors. First, the male partner should have chromosome and sperm analysis; Second, the female partner should be checked for chromosomal infections, immune factors, rheumatology factors, etc. After clearly identifying the reasons, interventions should be made as much as possible to guide normal conception.