Anal fistulas are secondary to what?

Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
Updated on May 04, 2025
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Anal fistulas primarily arise from local perianal abscesses that are not actively treated, repeatedly occur, or from severe pus cavity inflammation that causes the abscess to rupture locally, resulting in the formation of an anal fistula. An anal fistula typically has a characteristic internal opening and external opening, as well as a fistula tract connecting them. After the occurrence of an anal fistula, it is recommended that the patient undergo surgery as soon as possible. The surgical method mainly used for anal fistulas is the cutting and threading surgery. If it is a high-position complex anal fistula or there are multiple external openings and branches, the patient needs to complete related examinations, mainly focusing on local perianal color ultrasound or pelvic MRI, which are most important. After clarifying the direction of the fistula branches, a thorough and definitive surgical treatment for the anal fistula can be carried out.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Does an anal fistula hurt?

Anal fistula mainly refers to the presence of a noticeable fistula in the tissue under the perianal skin, which connects the inner opening in the anal canal and the outer opening around the anus. Usually, the anal fistula does not cause significant pain when it is not in acute flare-up. However, if the anal fistula enters an acute episode, there may be pain due to inflammation at the local external opening of the anus, and possibly an increase in purulent discharge, which can irritate the skin around the external opening, causing stinging pain and itching. To prevent recurrent episodes of anal fistula and further aggravation of the condition, it is advised to seek surgery as soon as the fistula is detected.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao
Colorectal Surgery
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Is the recovery from a second anal fistula surgery quick?

Whether the recovery from a second surgery for anal fistula is quick primarily depends on whether the surgical wound is infected and bleeding, and it is also directly related to the patient's own immunity and the size of the wound. Generally, if the wound from the second surgery is relatively small and the patient does not have diabetes, tuberculosis, or inflammatory bowel disease, then the postoperative recovery tends to be quicker. Moreover, the patient should eat foods rich in high-quality protein and persist in changing dressings to avoid infection and bleeding of the wound, which also facilitates recovery after anal fistula surgery. However, if the wound from the anal fistula surgery is larger and the second procedure involves the seton technique, and since the patient's second surgery is for a high complex anal fistula, the recovery time is relatively slower. Additionally, if the patient has diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease, this will directly affect the postoperative recovery.

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Written by Yang Dong
Colorectal Surgery Department
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Anal fistula etiology

The cause of an anal fistula is due to infection of the anal glands. In normal human anatomy, there is a location at the junction of the rectum and the anal canal called the anal sinus or anal gland, which is relatively weak. If it is damaged, intestinal bacteria can enter the anal gland, causing inflammation. Over time, the infected anal gland leads to further abscesses towards the perianal space, causing a perianal abscess. After the perianal abscess ruptures, it further develops into an anal fistula.

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Written by Yang Dong
Colorectal Surgery Department
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What department should I see for anal fistula?

Anal fistula is caused by infection of the anal sinuses and glands. It manifests as hard lumps or cord-like objects around the anus, and may involve recurrent swelling, pain, and discharge of pus. In such cases, it is necessary to consult a colorectal surgeon. Generally, if diagnosed with an anal fistula, surgical treatment is required, as conservative treatment usually does not result in a cure.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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What should I do about an anal fistula?

Anal fistula is a disease that occurs when repeated infections in the anal crypts extend to the surface of the skin around the anus. Once formed, there are typical fistula tracts with both internal and external openings. Simple anti-inflammatory drug treatments can only relieve the symptoms of inflammation during the acute phase of an anal fistula. For the fistula tracts themselves, these treatments do not completely cure the condition. It is recommended that patients with an anal fistula undergo a fistulotomy as soon as they are diagnosed. Through surgery, the fistula tract and its walls can be completely excised, completely removing the local lesion, thereby further accelerating the regrowth of fresh granulation tissue locally.