What are the symptoms of an anal fistula?

Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

Updated on September 05, 2024

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Anal fistula is one of the common diseases in proctology. The most typical symptom of anal fistula is recurrent anal induration, accompanied by swelling, pain, and pus discharge, often with a ruptured external opening. During the quiescent phase, a hard cord can be felt leading from the ruptured external opening to the inside of the anus; during the acute inflammatory phase or abscess phase, pressing may cause pus to ooze from the ruptured opening.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

24sec

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Is the probability of anal fistula turning into cancer high?

An anal fistula, formed due to an anal gland infection, carries a higher risk of malignant transformation if the infection and inflammation are recurrent and persistent, particularly over a long period exceeding five years. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that anal fistulas exceeding five years should be given sufficient attention and surgical treatment should be pursued promptly to prevent malignancy.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 1sec

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Anal fistulas secondary to which disease?

An anal fistula generally originates from a perianal abscess, which is an infection focus formed near the anal sinuses in the local area of the anus. During its onset, there is obvious local redness, swelling, heat, and pain accompanied by the formation of a pus cavity containing pus. As the condition of the perianal abscess worsens, the local pus cavity will rupture and discharge pus, thus forming an anal fistula. After the rupture of a perianal abscess, its external opening cannot heal by itself, and there will be intermittent recurring discharge of pus. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out surgical treatment as soon as possible after the formation of an anal fistula, to prevent the enlargement of the local pus cavity or thickening of the fistula wall, which complicates later surgery and treatment and significantly impacts the patient's normal life.

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Written by Deng Heng

Colorectal Surgery

52sec

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Does an anal fistula hurt?

The main clinical symptoms of anal fistula mainly include pus discharge, pain, and itching, therefore it definitely causes pain. Usually, anal fistulas do not cause much pain, but when the external opening's drainage is obstructed, pus accumulation can lead to acute episodes, characterized by local swelling and pain, accompanied by significant tenderness. After the pus drains, the pain will decrease, indicating that anal fistulas do cause pain. Other main clinical manifestations of anal fistulas primarily involve pus discharge; that is, there is continuous secretion of small amounts of pus from the external fistula opening, which then causes local moisture around the anus, irritating the skin around the anus and leading to anal itching.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao

Colorectal Surgery

1min 6sec

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Is it better for the external opening of an anal fistula to be closed or not closed?

In clinical practice, it is generally best not to close the external opening of an anal fistula. Keeping the drainage unobstructed can prevent the infection from worsening or the formation of multiple branches. This is because when the fistula drains properly, the infectious secretions can flow out of the external opening. However, if the external opening does close, the infected tissues and secretions will accumulate within the fistula and then spread to the surrounding areas, forming branches and leading to an increase in the number of branches, thus creating a complex anal fistula and increasing the difficulty of future surgeries. Therefore, it is best not to close the external opening of an anal fistula. Clinically, the treatment for an anal fistula involves fistulectomy, which primarily involves removing the internal opening and the fistula. The external opening also needs to be treated. Postoperatively, medications such as erythromycin ointment gauze strips should be used for dressing changes.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

28sec

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What department should I see for anal fistula?

Anal fistula is caused by infection of the anal sinuses and glands. It manifests as hard lumps or cord-like objects around the anus, and may involve recurrent swelling, pain, and discharge of pus. In such cases, it is necessary to consult a colorectal surgeon. Generally, if diagnosed with an anal fistula, surgical treatment is required, as conservative treatment usually does not result in a cure.