What should I do about gestational diabetes?

Written by Luo Han Ying
Endocrinology
Updated on March 07, 2025
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As prenatal checkups are becoming increasingly popular, many expectant mothers undergo a glucose tolerance test between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy to diagnose gestational diabetes. More and more expectant mothers are finding their blood sugar levels exceeding the diagnostic thresholds and are being diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Most of the time, gestational diabetes in expectant mothers is caused by reduced physical activity and overeating during pregnancy.

For such expectant mothers, we can advise them to control their weight, strictly manage their diet, and increase their physical activity to maintain proper blood sugar levels. In fact, only a small portion of pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes require insulin injections to control their blood sugar.

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Written by Chen Kai
Endocrinology
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Gestational diabetes blood glucose monitoring

Gestational diabetes refers to individuals who were not diabetic before pregnancy but develop high blood sugar levels due to increased insulin resistance caused by elevated hormone secretion during pregnancy. These patients also need to monitor their blood sugar, typically checking fasting blood sugar, post-meal blood sugar, and bedtime blood sugar to maintain it within a target range, such as keeping fasting levels at 5.60 and post-meal levels below 7.8 to avoid hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia and minimize the risk of low blood sugar. If the blood sugar level exceeds 10 or even higher, such patients may require medication treatment. If the increase is mild, through diet and exercise interventions, blood sugar can generally be controlled within the normal range.

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Written by Luo Juan
Endocrinology
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How long does it take to recover from gestational diabetes after childbirth?

For the vast majority of pregnant women with gestational diabetes, their fasting blood glucose or glucose tolerance test can return to normal within six weeks after delivery. However, the recurrence rate of gestational diabetes during subsequent pregnancies is 50%, and about 25% to 70% of those with gestational diabetes may develop diabetes again within 16 to 25 years after giving birth. For those whose blood sugar levels return to normal after childbirth, it is also advisable to check their blood sugar every three years. For patients with abnormal fasting blood glucose or reduced glucose tolerance after childbirth, an annual check should be conducted to screen for diabetes, and they should receive strict dietary treatment and individualized exercise therapy. Therefore, the recovery time for postpartum gestational diabetes depends on the circumstances.

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Written by Tang Zhuo
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Harms of Gestational Diabetes

What is gestational diabetes? Gestational diabetes is a condition of varying degrees of high blood sugar that occurs or is first identified during pregnancy, including impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes that were not identified before pregnancy. Gestational diabetes can endanger the health of both the fetus and the mother. The impacts on offspring mainly include an increased risk of fetal mortality in the womb, i.e., an increased risk of complications from congenital abnormalities, an increased risk of macrosomia, and an increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and developing diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance during adolescence or young adulthood.

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Written by Zhao Xiao Dong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Is it necessary to always control diet after gestational diabetes?

Women with gestational diabetes should pay attention to diet control and physical exercise even if their blood sugar levels return to normal, and manage their diet and exercise as if they have diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes indicate poor pancreatic function, and generally more than half will develop diabetes after 20 years. Therefore, women with gestational diabetes should maintain long-term blood sugar control after childbirth, control their diet for a long time, avoid excessive consumption of fruits and sweets, and enhance physical exercise, including being active for at least half an hour after meals.

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Written by Chen Xie
Endocrinology
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Do you need insulin for gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes refers to the elevated blood glucose levels found during pregnancy. For patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes, we first need to control diet and exercise to manage blood sugar levels, maintaining fasting blood glucose between 4.0-5.3 mmol/L and postprandial (two hours after meals) blood glucose between 4.4-6.7 mmol/L. If blood sugar control can be achieved through diet and exercise, insulin treatment is not required. However, if blood sugar levels still do not meet the standards through diet and exercise, exceeding the figures mentioned earlier, insulin treatment is necessary. For patients receiving insulin treatment, it poses no harm to either the fetus or the mother. In fact, when blood sugar is well-controlled, it can actually reduce the risks associated with gestational diabetes.