How to check for cervical cancer if unmarried

Written by Xu Xiao Ming

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Updated on March 23, 2025

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For unmarried women, if there is no sexual activity, they generally do not need to undergo cervical cancer screening. This is because the cause of cervical cancer has been clearly established as being caused by HPV virus infection, mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, unmarried women without sexual activity might not consider cervical cancer screening necessary. However, it is still recommended for unmarried women who are sexually active to undergo cervical cancer screening, especially if they started sexual activity at a young age and have multiple sexual partners. The screening generally includes HPV testing, cytology (TCT), and colposcopy.

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Cervical cancer indicators

The main indicators of cervical cancer are still the examination of the cervix and cervical canal tissues. There are obvious cancerous changes, and under the microscope pathological sections can show tendencies of cell carcinogenesis, or already developed cancer. The second is the cytological examination of cervical scrapings, which detects the presence of cancer cells. The third is the iodine test, where areas that do not stain after iodine staining indicate a lack of glycogen in the epithelium, suggesting possible lesions. The fourth is colposcopy, which may reveal suspicious cancerous areas, allowing for biopsy to confirm cancer cells. The fifth includes ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc., which can detect mass occupying lesions, all of which are indicators of cervical cancer. Of course, abnormalities in tumor markers are also considered, but the main reliance is still on the indicators from pathological examinations to determine if it's cervical cancer.

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Precursors of cervical cancer

The occurrence and development of the cervix is a process from quantitative to qualitative change, evolving gradually to a sudden shift over a long period. The precursor might be the heterotypic zone of the cervix, which is a common site for abnormalities. During the formation of this heterotypic zone, cervical epithelial metaplasia is relatively active, and, compounded by infection with the human papillomavirus and further stimulated by external carcinogens, immature or proliferative squamous epithelial cells may exhibit gradual changes or atypical hyperplasia, potentially leading to sarcomatoid changes in the cervical epithelium. This might be a precursor sign.

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Will the cervix rot in the late stages of cervical cancer?

In late-stage cervical cancer, some patients experience severe local tumor infiltration which can lead to tissue necrosis. This necrosis often leads to secondary infections, thereby causing severe complications such as septic shock. In treating such patients, in addition to administering anti-tumor therapies, the primary treatment involves the use of antibiotics to control the infection, to prevent potentially fatal complications such as septic shock. Furthermore, the disease in most patients with late-stage cervical cancer typically presents as widespread dissemination. This dissemination is primarily manifested by metastasis to distant lymph nodes and infiltration of surrounding tissues, as well as metastasis to remote organs like the lungs, liver, and other abdominal organs. Clinically, patients mainly exhibit symptoms related to these metastatic sites.

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Symptoms of cervical cancer

The most typical early symptom of cervical cancer is usually contact bleeding during intercourse. Clinically, once contact bleeding occurs, it is essential to go to the hospital for cervical cancer screening as soon as possible, generally involving a cervical TCT and HPV test. These two tests can initially screen for the presence of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. If it has progressed to the stage of cervical cancer, there may be a large amount of vaginal discharge with a foul smell, and severe cases can have symptoms like bleeding and abdominal pain. Therefore, patients with cervical cancer must undergo relevant cervical examinations at the hospital. If it is indeed cervical cancer, treatment options should be selected based on the stage of the disease to treat the symptoms accordingly. Hence, if there is any irregular vaginal bleeding, it is critical to go to the hospital for the relevant cancer screening.

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Does cervical cancer hurt?

For patients with cervical cancer, the most common clinical manifestations are bleeding during sexual intercourse and irregular vaginal bleeding. Patients who have undergone menopause may also experience irregular vaginal bleeding post-menopause, and some patients may not show any clinical signs at a very early stage. As the cancer progresses, and when it invades nearby organs and metastasizes, it may cause lower abdominal distension and pain, and even more severe pain if the metastatic organs compress nerves or directly invade areas containing nerves.