Is cervical hypertrophy cervical cancer?

Written by Xu Xiao Ming
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on March 01, 2025
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Cervical hypertrophy is not cervical cancer. Cervical hypertrophy is merely a change in the shape and size of the cervix, which becomes larger than normal, and its shape might be somewhat larger than a normal cervix. It is just a morphological change. Cervical cancer, on the other hand, is caused by an HPV virus infection. It is a type of tumor and is different from mere enlargement; one is cancer, and the other is just an increase in size. Therefore, it is recommended that patients who experience irregular vaginal bleeding after intercourse, as well as those who have irregular bleeding normally, should undergo screening for cervical cancer, including tests for HPV and TCT.

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Written by Li Shun Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to get the cervical cancer vaccine?

The cervical cancer vaccine is administered in the same way as regular vaccines, which is an injection in the deltoid muscle. However, the scheduling of the subsequent doses of the cervical cancer vaccine differs. For the bivalent cervical cancer vaccine, the second dose is administered one month after the first dose, and the third dose at six months. For the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines, the second dose is administered two months after the first, with the third dose given at six months.

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Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
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Characteristics of Bleeding in Cervical Cancer

The bleeding characteristics of cervical cancer should be considered based on the pathological type and stage of the disease. In the early stages, the bleeding may be contact-related, occurring after sexual intercourse or a gynecological examination, and may involve a small amount of fresh, light bleeding. As the disease progresses into the later stages, the tumor may cause irregular vaginal bleeding. The amount of this irregular bleeding varies, depending on the size of the lesion and the involvement of the blood vessels in the interstitial tissues. A larger lesion may naturally result in more bleeding. In advanced stages, major blood vessels may be affected, potentially leading to severe bleeding. Therefore, the characteristics of vaginal bleeding should be analyzed based on the specific circumstances. If the cancer is exophytic, bleeding tends to occur earlier and is usually more copious, whereas if it is endophytic, bleeding tends to occur later.

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Written by Xu Xiao Ming
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Can cervical cancer be cured?

Cervical cancer can be treated with options including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. For Stage 1A1 cervical cancer, a conization surgery can be chosen; for stages from 1A2 up to before 2B, a radical hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy can be selected; if it is Stage 2B, where the cancer has spread to the parametrium, it is recommended to first undergo chemotherapy as preoperative neoadjuvant therapy to reduce the tumor size before proceeding with surgery; if the cancer has progressed to Stage 3A1 and beyond, radiotherapy or chemotherapy is recommended. In summary, surgical treatment can be chosen for cervical cancer before Stage 2B; if it is Stage 2B or later, involving the parametrium or the lower third of the vagina, surgery is generally not an option, and the treatment usually involves radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

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Written by Xu Xiao Ming
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to check for cervical cancer if unmarried

For unmarried women, if there is no sexual activity, they generally do not need to undergo cervical cancer screening. This is because the cause of cervical cancer has been clearly established as being caused by HPV virus infection, mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, unmarried women without sexual activity might not consider cervical cancer screening necessary. However, it is still recommended for unmarried women who are sexually active to undergo cervical cancer screening, especially if they started sexual activity at a young age and have multiple sexual partners. The screening generally includes HPV testing, cytology (TCT), and colposcopy.

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Written by Xu Xiao Ming
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Early symptoms of cervical cancer

The most common early symptom of cervical cancer may be contact bleeding, including vaginal bleeding after intercourse. However, not many patients exhibit these symptoms. Many patients do not show any symptoms, but there are some pathological changes on the cervix. Therefore, it is recommended that women who are sexually active should undergo regular early screening for cervical cancer, including HPV, TCT, and colposcopy examinations. Regular checks can determine whether there are indeed pathological changes on the cervix. This is also a preventive measure for women, and the screening is highly efficient at detecting early pathological changes in the cervix.