What is chickenpox?

Written by Yuan Lin Yan
Infectious Disease
Updated on September 03, 2024
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Chickenpox is a contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, commonly seen in children and prevalent in the spring season. The only source of infection is individuals with chickenpox. It spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact. The disease is highly contagious and the general population is susceptible, but once recovered, long-lasting immunity is acquired. Clinically, symptoms may include mild fever, headache, fatigue, sore throat, cough, and loss of appetite, lasting for one to two days before the appearance of a rash. The rash first appears on the trunk and then spreads to the face and limbs. Chickenpox rash usually appears in batches, so at the same site, maculopapular rash, vesicles, and crusts can be seen. The crusts typically fall off about a week later, generally leaving no scars. Chickenpox is a self-limiting disease and typically resolves on its own in about ten days.

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Precautions for Children with Chickenpox

Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus infection, which is more common in children but can also occur in adults. The peak season for this illness is spring. Therefore, after children contract chickenpox, it is crucial to isolate them to prevent contact with other children or the elderly, as it can spread to others quickly. Typically, conventional antiviral medications are sufficient for treatment. If fever occurs, it is advisable to take some fever-reducing medications appropriately. It is also recommended to have a light diet, eat more vegetables and fruits, and drink plenty of water. Adequate rest is important, and if small blisters appear on the body, avoid scratching them to prevent infection and more severe symptoms. Generally, this disease confers lifelong immunity, meaning there is no recurrence after the initial episode.

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Will new chickenpox blisters appear if medication is used after two days?

Medication may still cause new outbreaks of chickenpox two days after its initial use, as the typical duration of chickenpox is about a week, and new outbreaks can still occur. In this situation, it is important to avoid scratching because scratching can easily lead to skin infections and worsen the condition. Therefore, it is vital to avoid scratching. If the itching is severe, a calamine lotion can be applied to the skin. Additionally, it is crucial to consume a light, easily digestible diet, including fresh vegetables and fruits, such as broccoli, kiwi, apples, etc., and timely antiviral treatment should be carried out, as chickenpox is caused by a viral infection. (Use of medication should be under the guidance of a physician.)

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How is chickenpox treated?

Chickenpox generally has a good prognosis, and does not leave scars after the scabs fall off. Its treatment mainly includes three aspects: First, general and symptomatic treatment. Patients should be isolated until all the vesicles have scabbed over. Rest in bed during the fever period, consume easily digestible food, and ensure adequate hydration. Enhanced nursing care is important to keep the skin clean and avoid scratching, which could lead to secondary infections. Second, antiviral treatment. Early use of antiviral medications can be effective. Antiviral treatment within 24 hours of the appearance of the rash can control its progression and speed up recovery. Third, prevention of complications. Antibacterial drugs should be used in cases of secondary bacterial infections. For patients with encephalitis presenting with cerebral hemorrhage, dehydration treatment should be administered. Corticosteroids should not be used in chickenpox.

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Is baby rash and chickenpox the same thing?

Baby roseola and chickenpox have different manifestations. Roseola usually presents as small, bright red rashes, while chickenpox features small blisters in the center, about the size and shape of soybeans. If roseola is not severe, it can usually heal on its own after a while. However, chickenpox must be treated on schedule. When chickenpox is inflamed, small white blisters appear in the center. Another difference is that baby roseola is generally not easily infectious, but chickenpox can be spread through air and droplets.

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Early symptoms of chickenpox

The early symptoms of chickenpox generally include fever, and the rash appears as red papules. Later, it can lead to the development of vesicles. In the initial stage of chickenpox, some precautions need to be taken for children, such as avoiding exposure to wind, keeping children away from crowded places, and ensuring a light and easily digestible diet with plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits, such as broccoli, tomatoes, bitter melon, etc. Regarding care, the room should be ventilated for two hours every day to ensure fresh air. Since chickenpox is caused by a viral infection, some antiviral traditional Chinese medicines can be administered to the child for treatment.