Determination of Senile Dementia

Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

Updated on September 12, 2024

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The assessment of dementia primarily encompasses three aspects: The first aspect mainly involves relevant neurological scales, which can scientifically and effectively measure the cognitive functions of elderly patients. These scales include the MSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The second aspect of the assessment involves some imaging tests, mainly cranial MRI scans. Cranial MRI can determine if there is brain atrophy in the elderly and examine for any related lesions in the temporal lobes and hippocampi. The third major aspect involves the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, assessing the levels of amyloid proteins, which also play an important role in the assessment of dementia. In summary, the assessment of dementia primarily involves evaluations using neurological scales, cranial MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 13sec

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Care measures for dementia in the elderly

Dementia in the elderly is the most common neurodegenerative disease in neurology, mainly referring to the irreversible death of neuronal cells caused by various reasons, which poses a significant clinical hazard and lacks effective treatment methods. Therefore, nursing measures become very important. The main nursing measures include, First, ensuring the patient's nutrition. In the later stages, elderly patients may have no regular diet and cannot take care of themselves. Therefore, ensuring sufficient energy intake and enough protein intake is very important. Malnutrition can easily lead to various complications, leading to the patient's death. Second, it's important to equip elderly people with commonly used contact numbers and addresses in their pockets to prevent them from getting lost and creating dangerous situations. Third, when elderly people are at home, it is crucial to keep the kitchen door closed to prevent them from turning on the gas and forgetting to turn it off. Fourth, patients with dementia are prone to lung infections after becoming bedridden. If bedridden, it is important to frequently turn them over and pat their back to prevent the onset of lung infections.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 2sec

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symptoms of dementia in the elderly

The symptoms of dementia mainly include: First, impaired memory function, where the patient’s memory loss is very noticeable. Initially, they may not remember recent events, and as the disease progresses, they may not remember past events, such as forgetting how many children they have or their children’s names. Second, it mainly involves symptoms of impairment in other cognitive areas, such as visual spatial dysfunction, manifesting as not being able to find the bathroom at home, getting lost after going out, and not being able to find the way back home. Additionally, the patient's ability to understand, calculate, and judge will also be significantly impaired, and they cannot master previously learned knowledge and skills. Third, in the late stages, some psychiatric symptoms appear, including visual and auditory hallucinations, and agitated behaviors such as hitting and cursing. Additionally, the patient may also experience some physical weakness, muscle atrophy, and incontinence.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 8sec

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progression of Alzheimer's disease in the elderly

The progression of dementia in the elderly mainly includes the following aspects. The first is the pre-stage of mild cognitive impairment, during which patients show no clinical symptoms. Some may only report slight memory impairment, with a possible slight decline in learning ability and a mild decrease in the capability to learn new things. As the disease progresses to the second stage, the period of mild cognitive impairment occurs, where patients will experience impaired memory, but it is not particularly obvious, and daily life is not affected at all. Then, entering the third stage, some periods of dementia occur, during which patients' memory, executive abilities, computational skills, and judgment are significantly impaired. Patients might even get lost or possibly forget their own names. As the disease further progresses into the later stages of dementia, the elderly may exhibit some psychiatric symptoms. They become delirious, talk to themselves, and may see things that do not exist. Eventually, the elderly may end up bedridden, with complications such as pulmonary infections and bedsores.

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Written by Zhou Yan

Geriatrics

52sec

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Causes of Alzheimer's Disease

The causes of Alzheimer's disease are related to multiple factors. For instance, advanced age is the most significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, with the incidence increasing by 5% with each additional year. Secondly, it is related to gender, with women being more prone to Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, there is a certain relationship with genetics. The fourth factor is vascular factors, such as hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, diabetes, and hypertension. The fifth factor is lifestyle, including smoking, excessive drinking, diet, sleep disorders, depression, and obesity, all of which are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

51sec

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What to do about senile dementia?

For patients with dementia, if the diagnosis is confirmed, the recommended treatment is as follows: First, it is very important to pay attention to nursing care. Patients with dementia often get lost, which can lead to a series of dangers, so it is necessary to take good care of them to prevent getting lost. Secondly, for the improvement of cognitive functions, it is recommended to use some cholinesterase inhibitors, which can increase the level of acetylcholine in the brain and improve the patient's cognitive functions to a certain extent. Third, symptomatic treatment should also be provided. Since patients with dementia often exhibit psychiatric symptoms, such as visual and auditory hallucinations, appropriate antipsychotic medications can be used for treatment. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional physician.)