Mild manifestations of senile dementia

Written by Tang Bo
Neurology
Updated on September 03, 2024
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Mild dementia, especially in its early stages, often goes unnoticed by family members. The initial symptoms generally include being particularly forgetful. This particularly affects short-term memory; for example, a person might repeat what was just said or be repeatedly clumsy in daily tasks, sometimes losing keys or forgetting to turn off the stove while cooking. This might seem like a lack of concentration, but in reality, it is due to forgetfulness. Emotionally, individuals who were once lively might become indifferent or detached, sometimes showing signs of excitement or agitation. Behaviorally, there can be changes, such as previously generous individuals becoming stingy. Interests and hobbies that were once loved may no longer hold appeal, and individuals may become lethargic and less concerned with cleanliness and personal appearance.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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incidence of senile dementia

Dementia in the elderly has a very noticeable high incidence trend worldwide and in China, with many people over the age of 65 suffering from this disease. Statistics show that in Western countries, the incidence of dementia in the elderly might be around 3%-8%. In China, the incidence among the elderly over 65 may also be around 5%. Therefore, the number of elderly people suffering from this disease is very large, and thus it is essential to pay attention to this disease. This disease is mainly caused by the death of nerve cells due to many reasons. Currently, there is no effective cure for this disease, but there are some drugs that can alleviate the symptoms. These drugs mainly include cholinesterase inhibitors, which can increase the content of acetylcholine in the brain, improving the level of cognitive function in patients. Additionally, symptomatic treatment should be noted to prevent lung infections, malnutrition, and other complications in the elderly.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Determination of Senile Dementia

The assessment of dementia primarily encompasses three aspects: The first aspect mainly involves relevant neurological scales, which can scientifically and effectively measure the cognitive functions of elderly patients. These scales include the MSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The second aspect of the assessment involves some imaging tests, mainly cranial MRI scans. Cranial MRI can determine if there is brain atrophy in the elderly and examine for any related lesions in the temporal lobes and hippocampi. The third major aspect involves the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, assessing the levels of amyloid proteins, which also play an important role in the assessment of dementia. In summary, the assessment of dementia primarily involves evaluations using neurological scales, cranial MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Causes of Dementia

At present, the specific causes and mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease are not very clear, but they are mainly divided into two categories. The first category is hereditary, where some Alzheimer's disease cases have a clear family history and involve some genetic mutations. These genetic mutations lead to the deposition of abnormal proteins within neurons, causing irreversible neuronal death, which is the main reason for familial Alzheimer’s disease. The second category is sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, for which no clear pathogenesis has been identified. Research suggests that factors such as oxidative stress, trauma, cerebrovascular disease, cerebral ischemia, and other factors, including metabolic conditions leading to dementia, are related to the occurrence of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the causes of Alzheimer’s disease include two main categories: the first is caused by genetic mutations, and the second is caused by various adverse factors leading to neuronal death.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Late-stage symptoms of senile dementia

Elderly dementia generally refers to Alzheimer's disease. This disease begins slowly and progressively worsens, with symptoms becoming increasingly severe. In the later stages of dementia, symptoms are numerous, mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, patients may exhibit significant personality changes. For example, a person who was originally gentle may become irritable and prone to aggressive behaviors such as hitting or yelling at others, and may even experience incontinence. Second, a patient's overall cognitive functions completely collapse, with a comprehensive decline in memory, as well as significant impairments in computational abilities, judgment, and comprehension. There are also problems with time orientation, with patients unable to distinguish between day and night. Additionally, patients may experience severe malnutrition, develop bedsores, and suffer from serious complications such as pulmonary infections and urinary tract infections.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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How is dementia diagnosed in the elderly?

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. The diagnosis of this disease mainly relies on the clinical manifestations of the patient, as well as some corresponding scales and some corresponding imaging examinations. In terms of examinations, it is necessary to check some neurofunctional scales, mainly cognitive function scales, common scales include some MMSE scales, and some MoCA scales. These scales are very important for diagnosing this disease. In addition, some imaging examinations need to be improved, mainly including cranial magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Cranial MRI can reveal atrophy in the patient's temporal lobe, hippocampus, and other areas, which also have an important reference value for the diagnosis of the disease. Moreover, an electroencephalogram can be performed to see some mild abnormalities, and lumbar puncture tests can also reveal some abnormally increased protein deposits.