How is bladder cancer caused?

Written by Liu Liang

Oncology

Updated on September 03, 2024

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The causes of bladder cancer are not very clear so far, and they are related to factors such as environment, genetics, and lifestyle habits. However, two major risk factors are quite clear: one is smoking, and the other is long-term exposure to aromatic amines, which are occupational factors that are significant risks for causing bladder cancer.

Other Voices

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Written by Zhou Zi Hua

Oncology

59sec

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The most common clinical manifestations of bladder cancer

The most common clinical manifestations of bladder cancer include: one initial clinical presentation is hematuria, which typically appears as painless, intermittent gross hematuria, sometimes it can also manifest as microscopic hematuria. The hematuria may occur only once or last from one day to several days, and it can subside or stop on its own. The color of the hematuria can be light red, possibly dark brown, generally dark red. The amount of bleeding and the duration of the hematuria are not necessarily proportional to the malignancy degree, size, scope, and number of the tumor. Additionally, bladder cancer patients can experience symptoms of bladder irritation, such as frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, and difficulties in urination, etc.

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Written by Chen Feng

Urology

1min 13sec

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Can urine odor be a sign of bladder cancer?

Urine with an unusual odor may be caused by bladder cancer, but the presence of an odor alone cannot be used to diagnose bladder cancer. Clinically, urine with an odor is commonly associated with urinary tract infections, as patients with such infections tend to have a higher amount of inflammatory secretions in their urine. Additionally, patients with urinary tract infections may lose some body water through sweating, leading to more concentrated urine, which can increase the odor. Bladder cancer patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infections, so they may also experience odorous urine. Clinically, bladder cancer is diagnosed through a combination of the patient's symptoms and supportive diagnostic tests. In the early stages of the disease, bladder cancer typically presents as painless hematuria (blood in the urine) that persists for an extended period. A routine urinalysis can be performed to check for elevated red blood cells in the urine. If bladder cancer is suspected, a cystoscopy can be conducted to identify any masses in the bladder and take biopsy samples for pathological examination. The presence of tumor cells in these samples generally confirms a diagnosis of bladder cancer.

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Written by Wang Jian

Urology

57sec

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Treatment of bladder cancer

For the treatment of bladder cancer, it is necessary first to confirm the diagnosis of bladder cancer through routine urine tests, ultrasonographic examination of the urinary system, cystoscopy, and imaging studies of the urinary system. It is important to determine the location, area, and malignancy of the bladder tumor. For early-stage superficial bladder tumors or tumors on the bladder wall with fewer numbers, minimally invasive surgery can be performed, followed by bladder perfusion to prevent recurrence of the bladder tumor. In the second scenario, if the bladder tumor is multiple and larger, and has a higher degree of malignancy in the bladder trigone area, then a radical cystectomy is required. Radical cystectomy involves the removal of the bladder along with the prostate in males or the uterus in females, followed by the creation of a urinary diversion, typically through these two treatment methods.

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Written by Hu Zhong Dong

Medical Oncology

55sec

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Can early-stage bladder cancer be cured?

Bladder cancer is a relatively common malignant tumor in the urinary system and tends to occur more frequently in males, with the incidence rate being three to four times higher than that in females. Painless hematuria is likely to be caused by bladder cancer. Therefore, it is crucial to be cautious when hematuria occurs and to seek medical examination at a hospital as soon as possible, such as urinalysis and bladder ultrasound exams, which are non-invasive and relatively inexpensive. Early-stage bladder cancer can potentially be cured, especially if it is superficial. However, patients with poorly differentiated and highly malignant forms may undergo infusion chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Studies have shown that patients with minor bladder cancer, after undergoing systematic treatment, have a relatively high five-year survival rate.

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Written by Xu Chun Hua

Urology

39sec

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Early symptoms of bladder cancer

Hematuria is the most common and earliest symptom of bladder cancer, with 85% of patients experiencing intermittent gross hematuria which can decrease or stop on its own, often giving patients a false impression of improvement or cure, thus delaying treatment. Sometimes, hematuria is also found under a microscope, and the amount of bleeding is not necessarily consistent with the size, number, or malignancy of the tumor. The hematuria from bladder tumors can initially be mild, and other symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and painful urination may also occur; these are all manifestations of bladder tumors.