What causes leukopenia?

Written by Tang Zhuo

Endocrinology

Updated on September 01, 2024

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When the white blood cell count in the surrounding blood continuously remains below 4.0*10^9/L, we call this condition leukopenia. Typical symptoms of leukopenia include dizziness, fatigue, limb soreness, reduced appetite, and listlessness, although some patients may not exhibit any obvious clinical symptoms. The causes of leukopenia are very complex and can be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary leukopenia refers to cases where the cause is unknown, while secondary leukopenia refers to cases potentially caused by acute infections or physical and chemical factors, or diseases of the hematopoietic system, connective tissue diseases, allergic diseases, or genetic diseases, all of which may lead to a reduction in white blood cells.

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Written by Zhang Xiao Le

Hematology

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Symptoms of leukopenia

The symptoms of leukopenia vary with the severity of the decrease in white blood cells and the disease causing the leukopenia. Mild leukopenia generally has no significant clinical manifestations. With moderate leukopenia, patients often experience symptoms of fatigue. If there is a significant decrease in white blood cells, patients often present with fever since white blood cells are the main cells in the body's defense against infections. A significant decrease in white blood cells markedly lowers the patient's resistance, thus making them more susceptible to various infections, with fever being the most common symptom of infection. Furthermore, the clinical presentations also vary with the underlying disease causing the decrease in white blood cells. For example, diseases like aplastic anemia or acute leukemia, which cause a decrease in white blood cells, may lead not only to fever but also to significant fatigue and bleeding manifestations.

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Endocrinology

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Treatment methods for leukopenia

First, it is necessary to identify the cause of leukopenia. Common causes include viral infections and poor bone marrow hematopoiesis, and some medications can also cause this condition. Therefore, symptomatic treatment mainly involves the use of medications that increase white blood cells. For mild leukopenia, oral medications commonly used include Li Xuesheng, squalene, and Vitamin B4 to promote the proliferation of white blood cells. In more severe cases, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors may be used. Of course, the main method of treatment still depends on the different causes of each patient. Once leukopenia occurs, it is necessary to go to the hospital for an examination to clearly determine the cause of the decrease in white blood cells, so that targeted treatment can be provided. (Please use medications under the guidance of a professional physician and do not self-medicate.)

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun

Endocrinology

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What are the symptoms of leukopenia?

The most common cause of leukopenia is viral infections, along with some severe bacterial infections. Common symptoms of viral and bacterial infections include dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, cough, expectoration, abdominal pain, diarrhea, urgent urination, and frequent urination. Generally, further examinations can be conducted through blood draws and routine tests of blood, urine, and stool cultures. If there is an accompanying hematological disease, such as thrombocytopenia, symptoms can include general weakness, body aches, and bone pain; further bone marrow examinations should be conducted.

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun

Endocrinology

57sec

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What does a decrease in white blood cells mean?

Leukopenia indicates a decrease in the body's resistance. The most common causes of leukopenia are: First, viral infections, which often coincide with an increase in lymphocytes and a decrease in neutrophils. The second cause is severe bacterial infections. During severe bacterial infections, there is a significant reduction in white blood cells, which may even lead to a decrease in platelets. The third cause is primarily diseases of the hematologic system, where leukopenia is often accompanied by a reduction in other red blood cells and platelets. Other possible causes include drug-induced leukopenia, as medications can also lead to a decrease in white blood cells. Therefore, the primary approach to leukopenia is to clearly identify the cause, and then determine the next steps for treatment based on that cause.

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun

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What to eat to quickly recover from leukopenia?

There are mainly three reasons for leukopenia: the first is the impaired production of white blood cells, the second is the excessive destruction of white blood cells, and the third is the redistribution of white blood cells. Therefore, for leukopenia, the main approach is etiological treatment. If leukopenia is suspected to be caused by certain drugs or other pathogenic factors, generally, stopping the use of these drugs and avoiding contact can lead to the recovery of white blood cells to normal levels. For this kind of secondary decrease of white blood cells, we usually treat the primary disease. Once the symptoms of the primary disease are alleviated and controlled, the white blood cell count can return to normal without the need for additional medication. Moreover, the greatest risk of leukopenia is the fear of infection, but mildly reduced patients generally do not require special treatment. However, as the severity of leukopenia increases, the risk of infection increases, and at this point, some preventative measures against infection can be taken. Particularly for patients with neutropenia who are highly susceptible to severe infections, sterile isolation may be employed, and the specific sites and types of infections identified. This allows for the use of sensitive antibiotics; for viral infections, antiviral drugs can be administered. Additionally, broad-spectrum antibiotics capable of covering both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can be used. Furthermore, while preventing infection, it is also important to promote the production of granulocytes. This typically requires ruling out serious hematologic diseases before using medications that promote white blood cell production, such as B vitamins and squalene. However, these treatments are only symptomatic. The primary focus should still be on correcting the underlying cause to maintain white blood cells within a normal range. (Please consult a doctor before using any medication and do not self-medicate.)