Can funnel chest be cured?

Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Updated on September 11, 2024
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In fact, many diseases cannot be completely cured, including the common cold, for which there is currently no way to completely eradicate it, meaning there isn't a medicine that, once taken, prevents one from ever catching a cold again. Of course, this has a lot to do with the mutations of the cold virus. However, pectus excavatum can be cured, and there are generally two methods of treatment for it: surgical and non-surgical. The surgical method is suitable for older patients with harder bones. Conservative treatment is appropriate for younger patients with more elastic rib cages, who can cooperate well, or whose family can supervise and support them through this non-surgical approach. Regardless, it is completely possible to cure pectus excavatum, and there are methods to do so.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
1min 33sec home-news-image

How is funnel chest formed?

Regarding the cause of pectus excavatum, there have historically been many hypotheses. For a while, medical experts believed that pectus excavatum was caused by the backward pulling of the diaphragm behind the sternum. Thus, for a time, surgeries abroad involved cutting the portion of the diaphragm behind the depressed area of the chest. Eventually, it was discovered that such cutting did not significantly benefit the treatment of pectus excavatum, and the results were not very conclusive. Therefore, this hypothesis was later debunked. To date, it is generally believed that the primary formation of pectus excavatum is somewhat related to genetic or hereditary factors. Of course, not all cases of pectus excavatum are due to parents having the condition; it might be present in the genes of ancestors and only manifest in the current generation or in this patient. Additionally, pectus excavatum could be associated with other diseases, such as connective tissue disorders. For example, some patients might have congenital diaphragmatic hernias, and after surgical repair, they could be prone to pneumothorax. Furthermore, some patients may suffer from pectus excavatum due to subglottic stenosis and underdeveloped bronchopulmonary structures, possibly triggered by respiratory factors. However, no matter the details, the formation of pectus excavatum is directly or indirectly related to congenital genes or heredity.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Is the funnel chest suction cup effective?

If the patient is young and the chest wall still retains some elasticity, or there is a possibility of secondary development, then it might be worth trying a pectus excavatum suction cup. If during the development of the chest wall, the patient's family can actively encourage or supervise the use of the suction cup for over two hours a day, continuing for six months, preferably up to about two years, the suction cup can be somewhat effective. However, if the patient's chest wall is hard and lacks elasticity, or if there is little possibility of further development, then the suction cup might not be suitable for such patients. For patients whose chest wall has fully developed, the best or most definitive treatment for pectus excavatum is surgery. Therefore, while the pectus excavatum suction cup can be useful for some patients, it is not suitable for all patients.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Does pectus excavatum hurt?

The sternum of pectus excavatum caves inward and backward, directly compressing the patient's heart or lungs, causing a certain degree of chest pain. This chest pain is not caused by pectus excavatum itself, but by the compression of the heart or lungs due to pectus excavatum. Imagine a normal ribcage as an oval shape; its cross-section is also oval and is a ratio of the patient's left-right diameter, transverse diameter, and anterior-posterior diameter. In normal individuals, this ratio is less than 2.5. In pectus excavatum, since the anterior-posterior diameter is significantly reduced and the sternum is markedly pressed towards the spine, the patient's heart is entirely compressed and deformed. Therefore, the patient's coronary arteries or valves may be squeezed and deformed, resulting in about 60% of pectus excavatum patients experiencing chest pain.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Harm of funnel chest suction cup

Recently, the use of vacuum bells for pectus excavatum has become very common in China, and their promotion has been very aggressive. However, for children using these devices, it's important to be cautious since they have pectus excavatum, a congenital deformity where the sternum is sunken inward and backward. One must ensure these patients do not have congenital heart diseases. If the patient also suffers from congenital heart defects like atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus, using the vacuum bell to forcefully pull out the sunken sternum might lead to deformation of the heart and worsen the septal defects. Therefore, before using the vacuum bell, it is essential to rule out the possibility of congenital heart diseases in patients, which can be done through an echocardiogram. Secondly, using the vacuum bell with excessive force might cause bruising and capillary bleeding in the patient’s skin.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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How to treat pectus excavatum?

There are many treatment methods for pectus excavatum, and the choice depends on the severity of the pectus excavatum, the age and chest wall elasticity of the child with pectus excavatum, the potential for further growth and development, and the expectations of the patient and their family. For younger children with pectus excavatum, where the chest wall is more elastic and soft, and in cases of mild pectus excavatum, a pectus excavatum suction cup can be considered. This device uses a certain amount of pressure, similar to a car suction cup, which is commonly seen in auto repair shops where a dented plastic bumper is gradually pulled out using a suction cup. This principle is also utilized by the pectus excavatum suction cup. Of course, this is under the premise that the patient is younger and has a softer chest, making it easier to be corrected by suction. For older patients with a harder chest, using a suction cup might not be appropriate, and surgical treatment may need to be considered. There are several surgical techniques available, ranging from the early Ravitch procedure, which involves a sternotomy and complete detachment of the sternum followed by flipping it, to the later Nuss procedure, and up to the current Wang surgical method and minimally invasive techniques.