Harm of funnel chest suction cup

Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
Updated on September 11, 2024
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Recently, the use of vacuum bells for pectus excavatum has become very common in China, and their promotion has been very aggressive. However, for children using these devices, it's important to be cautious since they have pectus excavatum, a congenital deformity where the sternum is sunken inward and backward. One must ensure these patients do not have congenital heart diseases. If the patient also suffers from congenital heart defects like atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus, using the vacuum bell to forcefully pull out the sunken sternum might lead to deformation of the heart and worsen the septal defects. Therefore, before using the vacuum bell, it is essential to rule out the possibility of congenital heart diseases in patients, which can be done through an echocardiogram. Secondly, using the vacuum bell with excessive force might cause bruising and capillary bleeding in the patient’s skin.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
1min 42sec home-news-image

Postoperative care for pectus excavatum

Pectus excavatum surgery involves implanting a metal plate in the patient's body; however, this type of metal plate cannot be welded to normal bones or muscles. It is only fixable using stainless steel wires or sutures. Therefore, postoperative care is crucial. Good post-surgical care significantly reduces the chances of the metal plate shifting. We recommend that patients lie flat on their backs for 3 to 5 days after the surgery, avoid bending, twisting their bodies, or rolling over in bed for a week. For a month, it's important for patients to keep their bodies straight and stand flush against a wall. Since the chest will be quite painful after the surgery, standing against a wall helps the patient maintain a proper posture. Otherwise, due to the pain, the patient may stoop forward, resulting in a hunched posture, which is unappealing and not good for the spine. Within two months post-surgery, the patient should avoid bending over to lift heavy objects as this can lead to uneven distribution of force that may cause the metal plate to shift. Intense physical activities should be avoided for three months. The patient should ideally rest in a supine position and avoid external injuries and contact or impact sports like basketball, soccer, or football. Generally, the metal plate should be removed 2 to 3 years after the surgery depending on the circumstances, so regular clinic visits are necessary to monitor the situation of the plate. If the patient experiences difficulty breathing or chest pain after being discharged from the hospital, they should immediately go to the nearest hospital to have their chest x-rayed to check the status of the metal plate.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Causes of Pectus Excavatum

Although current medicine has developed to the molecular and genetic levels, the true causes of many modern diseases are still not completely clear, which includes pectus excavatum. There have been medical cases indicating that scientists have never ceased to explore the causes of pectus excavatum. It was once believed by early medical scientists that pectus excavatum might be caused by the inward and backward pulling of the sternum by the diaphragm. Therefore, for a period, the treatment for pectus excavatum involved releasing adhesions of the diaphragm, but this method was later found to be ineffective for children and was abandoned. Subsequently, it was discovered that pectus excavatum is somewhat related to the genetics of many families, such as those with Marfan syndrome (an autosomal dominant hereditary connective tissue disorder) and Noonan syndrome (a genetic disorder caused by mutations). However, no definitive pathogenic genes have been identified in families with sporadic cases of pectus excavatum. In summary, pectus excavatum is currently believed to be possibly caused by factors such as the development of rib cartilage on both sides, genetics, and other acquired conditions, like underdeveloped laryngeal cartilage or post-surgical factors from congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair. Overall, the causes of pectus excavatum are still actively being explored by medical scientists.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Pectus Excavatum should visit which department?

Pectus excavatum should be consulted with which department? Pectus excavatum is a type of congenital chest wall deformity, accounting for over 90% of all anterior chest wall deformities, and is primarily characterized by a depression in the middle of the chest wall that sinks inward and backward. As it is a congenital deformity, it can be noticed in children soon after birth, around the age of three to five, especially during bathing. This deformity may worsen with the patient's age, so you might consider consulting the pediatric health department. However, this indentation usually intensifies during puberty, and the pediatric health department primarily provides consultation services. If you seek a comprehensive assessment and treatment for pectus excavatum, you should consult the thoracic surgery department, which offers a range of treatments from surgical to non-surgical methods. Therefore, it is recommended to first consult the thoracic surgery department, followed by the pediatric health department.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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How to treat pectus excavatum?

There are many treatment methods for pectus excavatum, and the choice depends on the severity of the pectus excavatum, the age and chest wall elasticity of the child with pectus excavatum, the potential for further growth and development, and the expectations of the patient and their family. For younger children with pectus excavatum, where the chest wall is more elastic and soft, and in cases of mild pectus excavatum, a pectus excavatum suction cup can be considered. This device uses a certain amount of pressure, similar to a car suction cup, which is commonly seen in auto repair shops where a dented plastic bumper is gradually pulled out using a suction cup. This principle is also utilized by the pectus excavatum suction cup. Of course, this is under the premise that the patient is younger and has a softer chest, making it easier to be corrected by suction. For older patients with a harder chest, using a suction cup might not be appropriate, and surgical treatment may need to be considered. There are several surgical techniques available, ranging from the early Ravitch procedure, which involves a sternotomy and complete detachment of the sternum followed by flipping it, to the later Nuss procedure, and up to the current Wang surgical method and minimally invasive techniques.

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Written by Zhang Zhi Gong
Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Can funnel chest recover by supplementing with calcium?

There was a time when many parents consulted about calcium supplementation for pectus excavatum, not only many parents but also many doctors in primary hospitals thought that pectus excavatum was caused by a lack of calcium. However, it was found that many children with pectus excavatum are actually very tall and slender. So, can these tall children also be lacking calcium? In fact, calcium deficiency leads to rickets, where beading deformities form between the hard bones and cartilage of the ribs, appearing on both sides. This beading deformation and the inward, backward indentation of the sternum seen in pectus excavatum are completely different conditions. Pectus excavatum is mostly caused by congenital genetic factors, while calcium deficiency or supplementation relates to an acquired condition. Thus, these congenital and acquired diseases are unrelated, meaning that calcium supplementation has no restorative effect on pectus excavatum.