Symptoms of diabetic nephropathy anemia

Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

Updated on September 19, 2024

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Patients with diabetic nephropathy who exhibit anemia indicate that they are experiencing relatively severe renal failure. Such patients may show clear clinical symptoms, such as significant edema, excessive proteinuria, and renal failure. The impaired water excretion can lead to swelling in the lower limbs and facial area. The presence of anemia causes fatigue in patients, potentially leading to chronic ischemia and hypoxia in some organs. Symptoms such as listlessness and drowsiness may occur. In the state of anemia due to diabetic nephropathy, the accumulation of metabolic waste may also affect the patient's appetite, causing poor food intake. Additionally, diabetic damage to the retinal arteries can lead to a decline in vision, or even complete blindness.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

51sec

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How is diabetic nephropathy treated?

The treatment of diabetic nephropathy also depends on the specific stage the patient is in. During stages one to three, the main clinical treatments include controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and lipids. Patients with diabetes often also have these metabolic disorders, including hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which can damage the kidneys. In addition, in the early stages, some medications are often chosen to reduce the pressure on the glomeruli. For example, using ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter, these drugs can also slow the progression of kidney failure. However, if the patient's condition has progressed to stage five, which is essentially equivalent to the state of uremia, the patient will then need dialysis treatment.

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Written by Luo Han Ying

Endocrinology

1min 7sec

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Is early diabetic nephropathy reversible?

Diabetic nephropathy clinically mainly manifests as an increase in urine protein on routine urine tests. Thus, diabetic nephropathy can be classified into different stages. In the early stages, microalbuminuria appears, and at this early phase, diabetic nephropathy is actually reversible. However, if the condition progresses with significant proteinuria, it becomes difficult to reverse diabetic nephropathy through intervention treatments. Most clinical patients may experience a slight reduction in urine protein or maintain this condition long-term without further progression. However, some patients have already experienced an increase in creatinine levels by the time they reach this stage of diabetic nephropathy, making it particularly challenging to reverse the condition once creatinine levels rise. Therefore, for diabetic nephropathy, early detection and treatment are crucial, with the most important goal being the prevention of the disease's onset.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

53sec

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Can diabetic nephropathy with swollen feet be treated?

Diabetic nephropathy in the middle and later stages can cause edema, especially in patients with significant proteinuria or renal failure. Many patients can even experience generalized edema. For such patients, swollen feet and swelling in other parts of the body can be considered for appropriate use of diuretics to increase urine output and eliminate edema. However, generally, the extensive use of diuretics is not actively advocated because excessive diuresis can also lead to significant protein loss and even cause insufficient blood volume, affecting the blood supply to the kidneys. Nevertheless, some patients with severe conditions that cause pulmonary edema and heart failure may not respond well to diuretics. In such cases, dialysis ultrafiltration may be required to remove water, alleviate edema, and reduce cardiac stress.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

38sec

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Treatment of Anemia in Diabetic Nephropathy

Compared to primary chronic nephritis, patients with diabetic nephropathy develop anemia earlier and more severely. The treatment for this type of anemia is divided into two aspects. Firstly, since it is anemia caused by renal lesions leading to a lack of erythropoietin, it is necessary to supplement erythropoietin, as well as iron and folic acid, which are raw materials for blood production, for the anemia caused by diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, patients with diabetic nephropathy are prone to malnutrition and should enhance nutritional support, especially by increasing the intake of high-quality animal protein.

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Written by Zhou Qi

Nephrology

2min 2sec

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Is diabetic nephropathy stage 3 reversible?

Patients with diabetic nephropathy actually have an irreversible condition. If a patient has developed mild to moderate proteinuria and entered stage three, it's generally because of long-term high blood sugar, oxidative stress, and an excess of glycation end products damaging the capillaries of the glomerulus, resulting in increased permeability and the occurrence of proteinuria. The damage that has already occurred cannot be reversed; however, patients still need active treatment to control their blood sugar and blood pressure in order to slow down the progression of diabetic nephropathy as much as possible. Stage three diabetic nephropathy is incurable, but treatment can slow the progression of the kidney disease, preventing the development from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. Stage three refers to the early period of diabetic nephropathy, typically seen in diabetic patients who have had the disease for more than five years. It can feature a continuous increase in urinary albumin excretion rates. High filtration rates and long-term poor metabolic control may be reasons for the persistent microalbuminuria. During this stage, patients may experience a mild increase in blood pressure, and reducing blood pressure can decrease the excretion of microalbumin. During this period, strict control of blood sugar is necessary. Oral hypoglycemic drugs can be used for treatment, and it's crucial to regularly monitor fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. Blood pressure should also be actively controlled, generally targeting a value of 130/80mmHg. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists are preferred as they can lower blood pressure, reduce proteinuria, and have a protective effect on the kidneys, thus delaying the progression of kidney disease.